TPU ni elastomer ya polyurethane thermoplastic, ikaba ari copolymer ifite ibice byinshi igizwe na diisocyanates, polyols, na chain extenders. Nk'iy'ilastomer ifite imikorere myiza, TPU ifite icyerekezo gitandukanye cy'ibicuruzwa kandi ikoreshwa cyane mu bikoresho bya buri munsi, ibikoresho bya siporo, ibikinisho, ibikoresho byo gushushanya, n'ibindi bikorwa, nk'ibikoresho by'inkweto, imiyoboro, insinga, ibikoresho by'ubuvuzi, nibindi.
Kugeza ubu, inganda nini zikora ibikoresho fatizo bya TPU zirimo BASF, Covestro, Lubrizol, Huntsman, Wanhua Chemical,Linghua Ibikoresho bishya, n'ibindi. Bitewe n'imiterere n'ubushobozi bw'ibigo by'imbere mu gihugu, inganda za TPU muri iki gihe zihanganye cyane. Ariko, mu rwego rwo gukoresha ibicuruzwa byo mu rwego rwo hejuru, ziracyashingiye ku bicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga, ari na byo Ubushinwa bukeneye kugira ngo bugere ku ntambwe nziza. Reka tuvuge ku isoko ry'ejo hazaza ry'ibicuruzwa bya TPU.
1. E-TPU ifuro rikabije cyane
Mu 2012, Adidas na BASF bafatanyije gukora inkweto zikoreshwa mu kwiruka zitwa EnergyBoost, zikoresha TPU ifite ifuro (izina ry’ubucuruzi infinergy) nk'ibikoresho byo hagati mu nsi. Kubera ikoreshwa rya TPU ya polyether ifite ubukana bwa Shore A bwa 80-85 nk'umubumbe, ugereranije n'insi za EVA, insi za TPU zifite ifuro zishobora gukomeza kugorama no koroha mu bidukikije biri munsi ya 0 ℃, ibyo bikaba birushaho gutuma umuntu ahora amerewe neza kandi bizwi cyane ku isoko.
2. Ibikoresho bya TPU byahinduwe bikonjeshwa na fibre
TPU ifite ubushobozi bwo guhangana n’ingaruka nziza, ariko muri bimwe mu bikorwa, modulus nyinshi zoroshye n’ibikoresho bikomeye cyane birakenewe. Guhindura fibre y’ikirahure ni uburyo bukoreshwa cyane mu kongera modulus zoroshye z’ibikoresho. Binyuze mu guhindura, ibikoresho bya thermoplastic bifite ibyiza byinshi nka modulus nyinshi zoroshye, ubushyuhe bwiza, ubushobozi bwo guhangana n’ingaruka, ubushobozi bwo guhangana n’ingaruka, ubushobozi bwo kwangirika neza, ubushobozi bwo kwaguka buhoro buhoro, ubushobozi bwo kwaguka buhoro buhoro, no kudahinduka mu buryo bungana.
BASF yashyizeho ikoranabuhanga ryo gutegura TPU ifite modulus nyinshi ikoresheje imigozi migufi y'ibirahure muri patenti yayo. TPU ifite ubukana bwa Shore D bwa 83 yakozwe hifashishijwe kuvanga polytetrafluoroethylene glycol (PTMEG, Mn=1000), MDI, na 1,4-butanediol (BDO) na 1,3-propanediol nk'ibikoresho fatizo. Iyi TPU yahujwe na fibre y'ibirahure mu gipimo cya 52:48 kugira ngo haboneke ibikoresho bivanze bifite modulus ya elastic ya 18.3 GPa n'imbaraga zo gukurura za 244 MPa.
Uretse fibre y'ikirahure, hari kandi raporo z'ibicuruzwa bikoresha TPU igizwe na fibre ya karubone, nka Covestro's Maezio carbon fiber/TPU composite board, ifite modulus ikora neza igera kuri 100GPa kandi ifite ubucucike buri hasi ugereranyije n'ibyuma.
3. TPU irinda umuriro idafite Halogen
TPU ifite imbaraga nyinshi, gukomera cyane, kudashira neza ndetse n'ibindi bintu biyiranga, bigatuma iba ibikoresho bikwiye cyane ku nsinga n'insinga. Ariko mu nzego zikoreshwa nko mu gushyushya, hakenewe uburyo bwo kugabanya umuriro cyane. Muri rusange hari uburyo bubiri bwo kunoza imikorere ya TPU mu kugabanya umuriro. Ubwa mbere ni uburyo bwo guhindura uburyo bwo kugabanya umuriro, bukubiyemo gushyiramo ibikoresho bigabanya umuriro nka polyols cyangwa isocyanates birimo fosifore, azote, n'ibindi bintu mu guhuza TPU binyuze mu guhuza imiti; Ubwa kabiri ni uburyo bwo guhindura uburyo bwo kugabanya umuriro, busaba gukoresha TPU nk'igice cy'ingenzi no kongeramo ibikoresho bigabanya umuriro mu kuvanga.
Guhindura uburyo bwo gukora ibintu bishobora guhindura imiterere ya TPU, ariko iyo ingano y'ibikoresho bigabanya umuriro ari byinshi, imbaraga za TPU ziragabanuka, imikorere yo gutunganya ibintu iragabanuka, kandi kongeramo bike ntibishobora kugera ku rwego rusabwa rw'ibikoresho bigabanya umuriro. Muri iki gihe, nta gicuruzwa gicuruza ibikoresho bigabanya umuriro cyane gishobora guhaza neza ikoreshwa ry'ibikoresho byo gusharija.
Ishyirahamwe ryahoze ari Bayer MaterialScience (ubu ni Kostron) ryashyizeho fosifore y’umwimerere irimo polyol (IHPO) ishingiye kuri okiside ya fosfini muri patenti. Polyether TPU yakozwe muri IHPO, PTMEG-1000, 4,4 '- MDI, na BDO igaragaza ubushobozi bwo kudakoresha umuriro neza kandi ifite imiterere myiza ya mekanike. Uburyo bwo gusohora ibintu ni bwiza, kandi ubuso bw’umusaruro ni bwiza.
Kongeramo ibintu bigabanya umuriro bidafite halogen muri iki gihe ni bwo buryo bukoreshwa cyane mu gutegura TPU igabanya umuriro idafite halogen. Muri rusange, ibintu bigabanya umuriro bishingiye kuri fosifore, azote, silikoni, boron biba bivanze cyangwa hidroxide z'icyuma zikoreshwa nk'ibintu bigabanya umuriro. Bitewe n'uko TPU ishobora gutwika, akenshi hakenerwa ingano irenga 30% y'ibintu bigabanya umuriro kugira ngo hakorwe urwego rudahindagurika rw'umuriro mu gihe cyo gutwika. Ariko, iyo ingano y'ibintu bigabanya umuriro yongewemo ari nini, ibyo bintu bigabanya umuriro bikwirakwira mu gice cya TPU, kandi imiterere ya TPU igabanya umuriro ntabwo ari myiza, ibyo kandi bigabanya ikoreshwa ryayo no kuyiteza imbere mu nzego nka za hoses, filime, n'insinga.
Ipatanti ya BASF ishyira ahagaragara ikoranabuhanga rya TPU ridacana umuriro, rivanga melamine polyphosphate na fosforasi irimo aside fosfinike nk'ibidacana umuriro na TPU ifite uburemere busanzwe bwa molekile burenga 150kDa. Byagaragaye ko imikorere y'ibidacana umuriro yarushijeho kuba myiza cyane mu gihe habayeho imbaraga nyinshi zo gukurura.
Kugira ngo hongerwe imbaraga zo gukurura ibikoresho, patenti ya BASF ishyiraho uburyo bwo gutegura masterbatch ihuza ibikoresho irimo isocyanates. Kongera 2% by'ubu bwoko bwa masterbatch ku kintu cyujuje ibisabwa na UL94V-0 bishobora kongera imbaraga zo gukurura ibikoresho kuva kuri 35MPa kugeza kuri 40MPa mu gihe bikomeza gukora neza.
Kugira ngo hongerwe uburyo bwo kurwanya ubushyuhe bwa TPU idakoresha umuriro, patenti yaIsosiyete ya Linghua New Materialsinashyiraho uburyo bwo gukoresha hydroxide z'icyuma zitwikiriwe hejuru nk'ibintu bigabanya umuriro. Kugira ngo hongerwe uburyo bwo kurwanya hydrolysis ya TPU igabanya umuriro,Isosiyete ya Linghua New Materialsyashyizeho carbonate y'icyuma hashingiwe ku kongeramo melamine flame retardant mu bundi buryo bwo gusaba patenti.
4. TPU yo kurinda irangi ry'imodoka
Filimi irinda irangi ry'imodoka ni firimi irinda irangi rivangura ikirere nyuma yo gushyirwaho, ririnda imvura ya aside, oxidation, gushwanyagurika, kandi rigatanga uburinzi burambye ku ruhu rw'irangi. Inshingano yaryo nyamukuru ni ukurinda irangi ry'imodoka nyuma yo gushyirwaho. Filimi irinda irangi muri rusange igizwe n'ibice bitatu, bifite agapira ko kwivura ku ruhu, firimi ya polymer hagati, n'agapira gafata umuvuduko wa acrylic ku ruhu rwo hasi. TPU ni kimwe mu bikoresho by'ingenzi byo gutegura firimi za polymer zo hagati.
Ibisabwa mu mikorere ya TPU ikoreshwa muri firime irinda irangi ni ibi bikurikira: ubushobozi bwo gushwanyagurika, ubushobozi bwo kubona urumuri cyane (urumuri rurenga 95%), ubushobozi bwo koroha mu bushyuhe buke, ubushobozi bwo gukurura ubushyuhe bwinshi, imbaraga zo gukurura >50MPa, kurekura >400%, na Shore A hardness range ya 87-93; imikorere y'ingenzi ni ubushobozi bwo guhangana n'ikirere, harimo ubushobozi bwo guhangana no gusaza kwa UV, kwangirika kwa oxidative y'ubushyuhe, na hydrolysis.
Ibikoresho bikuze ubu ni aliphatic TPU yakozwe muri dicyclohexyl diisocyanate (H12MDI) na polycaprolactone diol nk'ibikoresho fatizo. TPU isanzwe ihumura neza ihinduka umuhondo nyuma y'umunsi umwe irangijwe n'imirasire ya UV, mu gihe aliphatic TPU ikoreshwa mu gupfunyika imodoka ishobora kugumana umuhondo nta mpinduka zikomeye mu bihe bimwe.
TPU ya Poly (ε – caprolactone) ifite imikorere iringaniye ugereranije na polyether na polyester TPU. Ku ruhande rumwe, ishobora kugaragaza ubushobozi bwo kurwanya amarira ya polyester TPU isanzwe, mu gihe ku rundi ruhande, inagaragaza imikorere idahinduka kandi ihoraho ya polyether TPU, bityo ikaba ikoreshwa cyane ku isoko.
Bitewe n’ibisabwa bitandukanye kugira ngo umusaruro urusheho kugabanuka nyuma yo gutandukana ku isoko, hamwe no kunoza ikoranabuhanga ryo gusiga hejuru no guhindura uburyo bwo gufunga, hari amahirwe ko polyether cyangwa polyester H12MDI aliphatic TPU ikoreshwa kuri filime zirinda irangi mu gihe kizaza.
5. TPU ishingiye ku binyabuzima
Uburyo busanzwe bwo gutegura TPU ishingiye kuri bio ni ugushyiramo monomers cyangwa intermediates zishingiye kuri bio mu gihe cyo gukora polymerization, nka isocyanates zishingiye kuri bio (nka MDI, PDI), polyols zishingiye kuri bio, nibindi. Muri zo, isocyanates zishingiye kuri bio ni gake cyane ku isoko, mu gihe polyols zishingiye kuri bio zikunze kugaragara cyane.
Ku bijyanye na isocyanates zishingiye ku binyabuzima, kuva mu 2000, BASF, Covestro, n'izindi zashyize imbaraga nyinshi mu bushakashatsi bwa PDI, kandi itsinda rya mbere ry'ibicuruzwa bya PDI ryashyizwe ku isoko mu 2015-2016. Wanhua Chemical yakoze 100% by'ibicuruzwa bya TPU bishingiye ku binyabuzima ikoresheje PDI ikomoka ku bigori.
Ku bijyanye na polyols zishingiye kuri bio, harimo polytetrafluoroethylene ishingiye kuri bio (PTMEG), 1,4-butanediol (BDO), 1,3-propanediol ishingiye kuri bio (PDO), polyols zishingiye kuri bio, polyols zishingiye kuri bioether, nibindi.
Kuri ubu, inganda nyinshi za TPU zatangije TPU ishingiye ku binyabuzima, imikorere yayo ikaba ingana na TPU ishingiye ku bimera gakondo. Itandukaniro rikomeye riri hagati y’izi TPU ishingiye ku binyabuzima riri mu rwego rw’ibipimo bishingiye ku binyabuzima, muri rusange kuva kuri 30% kugeza kuri 40%, ndetse zimwe zikaba zigera ku rwego rwo hejuru. Ugereranyije na TPU ishingiye ku bimera gakondo, TPU ishingiye ku binyabuzima ifite ibyiza nko kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere, kongera kuvugurura ibikoresho fatizo mu buryo burambye, umusaruro utaringiza ibidukikije, no kubungabunga umutungo kamere. BASF, Covestro, Lubrizol, Wanhua Chemical, naLinghua Ibikoresho bishyabatangije ibirango byabo bya TPU bishingiye ku buzima, kandi kugabanya karuboni no gukomeza ibidukikije nabyo ni ingenzi mu iterambere rya TPU mu gihe kizaza.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-09-2024