TPU ni polyurethane thermoplastique ya elastomer, ikaba ari kopi ya kopi ya cololymer igizwe na diisocyanates, polyol, hamwe niyagura urunigi. Nka elastomer ikora cyane, TPU ifite icyerekezo kinini cyibicuruzwa byamanutse kandi ikoreshwa cyane mubikenerwa bya buri munsi, ibikoresho bya siporo, ibikinisho, ibikoresho byo gushushanya, nibindi bice, nkibikoresho byinkweto, ama shitingi, insinga, ibikoresho byubuvuzi, nibindi.
Kugeza ubu, inganda zikomeye za TPU zirimo BASF, Covestro, Lubrizol, Huntsman, Wanhua Chemical,Linghua Ibikoresho bishya, n'ibindi. Hamwe nimiterere no kwagura ubushobozi bwibigo byimbere mu gihugu, inganda za TPU kuri ubu zirarushanwa cyane. Nyamara, murwego rwohejuru rwo gusaba, iracyashingira ku bicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga, kikaba ari n'akarere Ubushinwa bugomba kugeraho mu gutera imbere. Reka tuvuge ku bihe biri imbere ku isoko ry’ibicuruzwa bya TPU.
1. Kurenza urugero kubira ifuro E-TPU
Mu mwaka wa 2012, Adidas na BASF bafatanyijemo ikirango gikora inkweto cyitwa EnergyBoost, gikoresha TPU ifunze ifuro (izina ry'ubucuruzi infinergy) nk'ibikoresho byo hagati. Bitewe no gukoresha polyether TPU hamwe ninkombe Ubukomezi bwa 80-85 nka substrate, ugereranije na EVA midsoles, imiyoboro ya TPU ifunze irashobora gukomeza kugumya kworoha no koroshya ibidukikije biri munsi ya 0 ℃, biteza imbere kwambara neza kandi bizwi cyane muri isoko.
2. Fibre yashimangiye ibikoresho byahinduwe bya TPU
TPU ifite imbaraga zo guhangana ningaruka, ariko mubisabwa bimwe, modulus yo hejuru ya elastique hamwe nibikoresho bikomeye birakenewe. Guhindura ibirahuri bya fibre ni uburyo bukoreshwa muburyo bwo kongera ibikoresho bya elastique. Binyuze mu guhindura, ibikoresho bya thermoplastique hamwe nibyiza byinshi nka modulus yo hejuru ya elastique, izirinda neza, irwanya ubushyuhe bukomeye, imikorere myiza yo gukira neza, kurwanya ruswa, kurwanya ingaruka, coefficente yo kwaguka, hamwe no guhagarara neza.
BASF yazanye ikoranabuhanga ryo gutegura modulus fiberglass yo hejuru ikomezwa na TPU ikoresheje fibre ngufi y'ibirahure muri patenti yayo. TPU ifite Shore D ikomeye ya 83 yashizwemo ivanga polytetrafluoroethylene glycol (PTMEG, Mn = 1000), MDI, na 1,4-butanediol (BDO) hamwe na 1,3-propanediol nkibikoresho fatizo. Iyi TPU yariyongereye hamwe na fibre yibirahuri ku kigereranyo cya 52:48 kugirango ibone ibikoresho byose hamwe na moderi ya elastike ya 18.3 GPa n'imbaraga zingana na 244 MPa.
Usibye fibre y'ibirahure, hari kandi amakuru y'ibicuruzwa akoresha karuboni fibre ikomatanya TPU, nk'ikibaho cya Maezio ya Carbone fibre / TPU ikomatanya, ifite modulus ya elastike igera kuri 100GPa n'ubucucike buri munsi y'ibyuma.
3. Halogen yubusa flame retardant TPU
TPU ifite imbaraga nyinshi, ubukana buhanitse, kwihanganira kwambara neza nibindi bintu, bigatuma iba ibikoresho byiza cyane byinsinga ninsinga. Ariko mubice byo gusaba nka sitasiyo yo kwishyuza, birakenewe cyane flame retardancy. Mubusanzwe hariho inzira ebyiri zo kunoza imikorere ya flame retardant ya TPU. Imwe murimwe ni reaction ya flame retardant ihindura, ikubiyemo kwinjiza ibikoresho bya flame retardant nka polyol cyangwa isocyanates irimo fosifore, azote, nibindi bintu muri synthesis ya TPU binyuze mumiti ihuza imiti; Iya kabiri ni inyongera ya flame retardant modification, ikubiyemo gukoresha TPU nka substrate no kongeramo flame retardants yo kuvanga gushonga.
Guhindura bifatika birashobora guhindura imiterere ya TPU, ariko mugihe ingano yinyongeramusaruro ya flame retardant ari nini, imbaraga za TPU ziragabanuka, imikorere yo gutunganya iragabanuka, kandi wongeyeho umubare muto ntushobora kugera kurwego rukenewe rwa flame retardant. Kugeza ubu, nta bicuruzwa biboneka hejuru ya flame retardant ibicuruzwa bishobora guhura neza nogukoresha sitasiyo zishyuza.
Kera Bayer MaterialScience (ubu ni Kostron) yigeze kwerekana fosifore ngenga irimo polyol (IHPO) ishingiye kuri oxyde ya fosifine muri patenti. Polyether TPU ikomatanyije kuva IHPO, PTMEG-1000, 4,4 '- MDI, na BDO yerekana ububobere buke bwa flame hamwe nubukanishi. Inzira yo gukuramo iroroshye, kandi hejuru yibicuruzwa biroroshye.
Ongeraho halogen idafite flame retardants kuri ubu ninzira ikoreshwa cyane muburyo bwa tekinike yo gutegura halogen idafite flame retardant TPU. Mubisanzwe, fosifore ishingiye, azote ishingiye, silikoni ishingiye, boron ishingiye kuri flame retardants irahujwe cyangwa hydroxide yicyuma ikoreshwa nka retardants. Bitewe no gutwikwa kwa TPU, akenshi birinda flame retardant yuzuza amafaranga arenga 30% akenshi bisabwa kugirango habeho urumuri rutajegajega mugihe cyo gutwikwa. Ariko, mugihe ingano ya flame retardant yongeweho ari nini, retardant ya flame ikwirakwizwa muburyo butandukanye muri TPU substrate, kandi imiterere yubukanishi bwa flame retardant TPU ntabwo ari nziza, nayo igabanya ikoreshwa ryayo no kuzamurwa mubice nka hose, firime , n'insinga.
Ipatanti ya BASF itangiza ikoranabuhanga rya TPU ririnda umuriro, rihuza melamine polyphosphate na fosifore irimo ibikomoka kuri acide fosifike nkumuriro utagira umuriro hamwe na TPU ufite uburemere buringaniye bwa molekile burenga 150kDa. Byagaragaye ko imikorere ya flame retardant yateye imbere cyane mugihe yageze ku mbaraga zikomeye.
Kugirango turusheho kunoza imbaraga zingirakamaro yibikoresho, ipatanti ya BASF itangiza uburyo bwo gutegura igikoresho cyo guhuza ibice birimo isocyanates. Ongeraho 2% yubu bwoko bwa masterbatch mubice bihuye na UL94V-0 flame retardant ibisabwa birashobora kongera imbaraga zingirakamaro yibikoresho kuva 35MPa bikagera kuri 40MPa mugihe bikomeza imikorere ya V-0.
Kunoza ubushyuhe bwo gusaza bwumuriro wa flame-retardant TPU, patenti waLinghua Isosiyete Nshya Ibikoreshoitangiza kandi uburyo bwo gukoresha hejuru ya hydroxide yubatswe hejuru yumuriro nka flame retardants. Kugirango tunoze hydrolysis irwanya flame-retardant TPU,Linghua Isosiyete Nshya Ibikoreshoyashyizeho ibyuma bya karubone hashingiwe ku kongeramo melamine flame retardant mubindi bikorwa bya patenti.
4. TPU ya firime irinda amarangi
Filime yo gukingira amarangi ni firime ikingira itandukanya ubuso bwirangi mwikirere nyuma yo kuyishyiraho, ikarinda imvura ya aside, okiside, gushushanya, kandi itanga uburinzi burambye kubirangi. Igikorwa cyacyo nyamukuru ni ukurinda irangi ryimodoka nyuma yo kuyishyiraho. Filime yo gukingira amarangi muri rusange igizwe nibice bitatu, hamwe nigitwikiza cyo kwikiza hejuru, firime ya polymer hagati, hamwe na acrylic pression-sensive yometse kumurongo wo hasi. TPU nikimwe mubikoresho byingenzi byo gutegura firime zo hagati.
Ibisabwa kugirango imikorere ya TPU ikoreshwa muri firime yo gukingira amarangi niyi ikurikira: kurwanya ibishushanyo, gukorera mu mucyo mwinshi (transmitance yumucyo> 95%), guhinduka kwubushyuhe buke, guhangana nubushyuhe bwo hejuru, imbaraga zingana> 50MPa, kurambura> 400%, na Shore A. ubukana buri hagati ya 87-93; Igikorwa cyingenzi cyane ni ukurwanya ikirere, gikubiyemo kurwanya gusaza kwa UV, kwangirika kwa okiside yumuriro, na hydrolysis.
Ibicuruzwa bikuze kugeza ubu ni alifatique TPU yateguwe kuva dicyclohexyl diisocyanate (H12MDI) na diol polycaprolactone nkibikoresho fatizo. Ubusanzwe impumuro nziza ya TPU ihinduka umuhondo nyuma yumunsi umwe wa UV irrasiyo, mugihe alifatique TPU ikoreshwa muri firime yo gupfunyika imodoka irashobora kugumana coefficient yumuhondo nta mpinduka zikomeye mubihe bimwe.
Poly (ε - caprolactone) TPU ifite imikorere iringaniye ugereranije na polyether na polyester TPU. Ku ruhande rumwe, irashobora kwerekana amarira meza cyane ya polyester TPU isanzwe, mugihe kurundi ruhande, irerekana kandi uburyo bwo kugabanuka gukabije bwo guhindagurika no guhindagurika cyane kwa polyether TPU, bityo ikoreshwa cyane ku isoko.
Bitewe nibisabwa bitandukanye kugirango ibicuruzwa bikorwe neza nyuma yo kugabana isoko, hamwe nogutezimbere tekinoroji yo gutwikira hejuru hamwe nubushobozi bwo guhindura formulaire, hari amahirwe kandi ya polyester cyangwa polyester isanzwe H12MDI aliphatic TPU izakoreshwa muma firime yo gukingira amarangi mugihe kizaza.
5. TPU ibogamye
Uburyo busanzwe bwo gutegura bio ishingiye kuri bio ni ukumenyekanisha bio ishingiye kuri bio cyangwa abahuza mugihe cya polymerisation, nka bio ishingiye kuri isocyanates (nka MDI, PDI), biool ishingiye kuri biool, nibindi. Muri byo, isocyanates ya biobase ni gake muri isoko, mugihe biobase polyol irasanzwe.
Kubijyanye na bio ishingiye kuri isocyanates, nko mu 2000, BASF, Covestro, nabandi bashoye imbaraga nyinshi mubushakashatsi bwa PDI, kandi icyiciro cya mbere cyibicuruzwa bya PDI cyashyizwe ku isoko muri 2015-2016. Wanhua Chemical yateje imbere 100% bio ishingiye kuri TPU ikoresheje bio ishingiye kuri PDI ikozwe mububiko bwibigori.
Kubijyanye na bio ishingiye kuri bio, ikubiyemo bio ishingiye kuri polytetrafluoroethylene (PTMEG), bio ishingiye kuri 1,4-butanediol (BDO), bio ishingiye kuri 1,3-propanediol (PDO), bio ishingiye kuri polyester polyole, bio ishingiye kuri polyether polyol, nibindi.
Kugeza ubu, abakora TPU benshi batangije bio ishingiye kuri TPU, imikorere yayo igereranywa na peteroli gakondo ishingiye kuri TPU. Itandukaniro nyamukuru hagati yibi bio ishingiye kuri TPU iri murwego rwibirimo bio, muri rusange kuva kuri 30% kugeza 40%, ndetse bamwe bakagera no murwego rwo hejuru. Ugereranije na peteroli gakondo ishingiye kuri peteroli, TPU ishingiye kuri bio ifite ibyiza nko kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere, kuvugurura ku buryo burambye ibikoresho fatizo, umusaruro w’icyatsi, no kubungabunga umutungo. BASF, Covestro, Lubrizol, Wanhua Chemical, naLinghua Ibikoresho bishyabatangije bio zabo ziranga TPU, kandi kugabanya karubone no kuramba nabyo ni inzira zingenzi ziterambere rya TPU mugihe kizaza.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-09-2024