Ibyo bitaPolyurethaneEse amagambo ahinnye ya Polyurethane, yakozwe na Polisocyanates na Polyyol, kandi arimo menshi Amino Ester Amatsinda (- NH-CO-O -) kumurongo wa molekile. Mu mpinduka nyazo za Polyurethane, hiyongereyeho itsinda rya Ester Ester, hari n'amatsinda nka Uret. Polyols ni molekile ndende ndende ifite amatsinda ya hydroxyl arangije, yitwa "ibice byoroshye", mugihe Polisocyanates yitwa "ibice bikomeye".
Muri polyinethane yavuyemo ibice byoroshye kandi bikomeye, gusa ijanisha rito ni aside aside, bityo ntibishobora kuba byiza kubita Polyurethane. Muburyo bwagutse, polyinethane ninyongera kuri isocyanate.
Ubwoko butandukanye bwa Isoko Babyitwaramo PolyhydRoxy ya Polyhydlexy ya Polyurethane hamwe nibikoresho bitandukanye, nka plastiki, reberi, fibre, fibrethane, nibindi. Polyurethane reberi
Polyurethane reberi ni ubwoko bwihariye bwa reberi, bikozwe mu gufata polyet cyangwa polyester hamwe na isocyanate. Hariho ubwoko bwinshi buterwa nubwoko butandukanye bwibikoresho bibisi, imiterere ya reaction, hamwe nuburyo bwo guhura. Duhereye kumiterere yimiti, hari ubwoko bwa polyester nuburyo bwo gutunganya, kandi muburyo bwo gutunganya ibintu, hari ubwoko butatu: kuvanga ubwoko, ubwoko bwa theingplastique, hamwe nubwoko bwa the.
Synthetic Polyurethane Rubber muri rusange yandika umurongo polyester cyangwa polyether kugirango ikore ibiro bike bya molecular, hanyuma bigakorerwa urunigi rwibintu byinshi. Noneho, abakozi bakwiye bahungabana no gushyushya kugirango bayikize, bahinduka reberi. Ubu buryo bwitwa POCOLYMETIONTation cyangwa uburyo bubiri.
Birashoboka kandi gukoresha uburyo bumwe - kuvanga neza umurongo polyester cyangwa polyether hamwe na diisocyanates, urunigi rwo kurya, hamwe nabakozi bahura kugirango batangire reaction no kubyara Polyurethane.
Igice cya TPU Molekile zituma iminyururu ya Macromolecular yo kuzunguruka, kugashyiraho pollythane nziza hamwe ningingo ya kabiri ya polymer, no kugabanya ubukana bwayo nububasha bwamashanyarazi. Igice cya B-Igice kizahuza iminyururu ya Macromolecular, gitera ingingo yoroshye hamwe na polymer yibanze yo kwiyongera, bikaviramo kwiyongera no kwiyongera no gukomera, no kugabanuka kwamashanyarazi. Muguhindura igipimo cyimuka hagati ya A na B, Tpus hamwe nibintu bitandukanye bya mashini birashobora gukorwa. Imiterere yo guhuza imiti ya TPU ntigomba gusa gutekereza gusa guhunika kwambukiranya, ariko nanone guhuriza hamwe bihuza na hydrogen hagati ya molekile. Umuryango w'ibanze wambukiranya Polyinethane utandukanye nuburyo bwo guturura Hydroxyl reberi. Itsinda rya Amino Ester, Itsinda rya Biuret, Itsinda rya Urea nindi matsinda yimikorere ritunganijwe mu gice gisanzwe kandi kikavamo imiterere isanzwe ya reberi, ifite imiterere nziza yo kwambara hamwe nibindi bintu byiza byo kwambara. Icya kabiri, bitewe no kuba hari amatsinda menshi akorana imbere nka Urea cyangwa amatsinda ya kashe muri polturethane, hamwe nisuka ryisumbuye ryahujwe na hodrogen nayo ifite imbaraga za hydrogen nayo ku mitungo ya reberi ya Polurethane. Guhuza kwambukiranya Polinethane gutunga ibiranga ermoseting the thelamest the transtomes enruset kuruhande rumwe, kurundi ruhande, iki gisarurwa ntabwo gihumura, kikabihuza. Kugabanya ibintu biterwa n'ubushyuhe. Mugihe ubushyuhe bwiyongera, iki gisambanya buhoro buhoro intege nke kandi zirazimira. Polymer ifite amazimwe kandi arashobora gukorerwa mubintu. Iyo ubushyuhe bugabanutse, iki cyahunye no kongera gukira buhoro buhoro nongeye. Ongeramo ingano ya filler yongera intera iri hagati ya molekile, igabanya ubushobozi bwo gukora isuku ya hydrogen hagati ya molekile, ikayobora kugabanuka gukabije. Ubushakashatsi bwerekanye ko gahunda yo gutuza mu matsinda akoreshwa muri Polonurethane kuva hejuru kugeza hasi, ether, ether, ether, ether, ether, ether, kuri biret. Mugihe cyo gusaza cya polyurethane reberi, intambwe yambere nukugabanya ingwate hagati ya Biuret hagati ya Biuret na Urea, ikurikirwa no kumena karuki na Urea, ni ukuvuga urunigi nyamukuru.
01 yoroshye
Elusthathane Elastomers, kimwe nibikoresho byinshi bya polymer, koroshya ubushyuhe bwinshi no kuva mumiryango yoroheje kugeza kuri leta igenda, bikaviramo kugabanuka byihuse muburyo bwa mashini. Duhereye ku miti, ubushyuhe bworoshye bwa elastike cyane cyane biterwa nibintu nkibikoresho byayo, uburemere bwa molekili, hamwe nuburemere bwo guhura nubucucike.
Muri rusange, kongera uburemere bwa molecular ugereranije, byongera gukomera kubice bikomeye (nko kumenyekanisha impeta ya benzex) hamwe nigice cyigice gikomeye, kandi kongera ubucucike bwo guhura nibibazo byo kongera ubushyuhe bworoshye. Kuburyo bwibiti, imiterere ya molekale ni umurongo, kandi ubushyuhe bworoshye bwa elastomer nayo iriyongera mugihe uburemere bwa molekile ugereranije.
Kubintu byambukiranya polurethane polanetor, guhungabanya ubuke bufite ingaruka zikomeye kurenza uburemere bwa molekile. Kubwibyo, iyo gukora elastomers, byongera imikorere ya isocyanates cyangwa polyOl irashobora gukora imyuka ihamye yambukiranya imiyoboro ya elastike, cyangwa gukoresha igipimo gikomeye cyo guhuza imibereho, cyangwa imbaraga zo kurwanya ingufu za elastomer.
Igihe PPDI (P-P-Phenydisocyate) ikoreshwa nkibikoresho bibisi, kubera guhuza amatsinda abiri ya Ingurute, itezimbere ibice bikomeye bya bejezene, bitera imbaraga za benzene, bityo bikaba bitera imbaraga zinangiye kuri benzene, bityo bikaba bitera imbaraga zinangiye benzene, bityo itezimbere ibice byinshi bya bejezene, bityo bikaba byateje imbere igice kinini cya bejezene, bityo bikaba byateje imbere ibice bya bejezene, bityo bikaba byateje imbere igice kinini cya bejezene, bityo bikaba byateje imbere igice kinini cya bejezene, bityo bikaba byateje imbere igice kinini cya bejezene, bityo bikaba byateje imbere igice kinini cya bejezene, bityo bikaba byaratewe na benzene Impeta nini, bityo itezimbere ibinyagitarure byinjyana nini, bityo bitera imiti igoye, itezimbere ingufu zinangiye kuri Elastomer.
Duhereye ku mubiri, ubushyuhe bworoshye bwa Elastomers biterwa n'urwego rwa microphase gutandukana. Nk'uko amakuru abitangaza, ubushyuhe bworoshye bwa Elappemers butarimo hasi ya microphase butari hasi cyane, hamwe n'ubushyuhe bwo gutunganya hafi 70 ℃, mu gihe Elapemers itandukana na microphase itandukana irashobora kugera kuri 130-150 ℃. Kubwibyo, kongera urwego rwa microphase muri Elastomemezi ni bumwe mubikorwa byiza byo kunoza ubushyuhe bwabo.
Urwego rwa microphase gutandukanya elastomemezi zirashobora kunozwa mugukwirakwiza uburemere bwa molecular yo gukwirakwiza ibinyabuzima hamwe nibice byimirongo ikaze, bityo bikamura ubushyuhe bwabo. Abashakashatsi benshi bemeza ko impamvu ya Microphase itandukana muri Polyurethane ari tertodeynamic idahuye hagati yibice byoroshye kandi bikomeye. Ubwoko bwurubaho, igice gikomeye nikibiri, ubwoko bworoshye bwo gutandukanya, hamwe na hydrogen baringinze bose bafite ingaruka zikomeye kuri yo.
Ugereranije na diol urunigi, diamine offers nka moka (3,3-diaminiphenyonyllmenhane) hamwe na sydrodilenediamine) urwego rwa microphase gutandukana muri Elastomers; Urunigi rwa Aromaric rwinshi twinshi nka p, p-diydroquinone, kandi hydroquinone ingirakamaro kubice bisanzwe kandi bikabije byo gutandukanya imiterere.
Ibice bya Amino Ester byashizweho na Aliphatic Isocyanates bifite aho bihuriye nibice byoroshye, bikaviramo ibice byinshi bikandamiza ibice byoroshye, bigabanya urwego rwo gutandukana. Ibice bya Ester Ester byakozwe na Aromanates Aromanates bihuje nabi nibice byoroshye, mugihe urwego rutandukana ruri hejuru. Polyolefin Polyurethane ifite imiterere itandukana hafi ya microphase iterwa nuko igice cyoroshye kidakora hydrogen hamwe na hydrogen hamwe na hydrogen bibaho gusa mugice gikomeye.
Ingaruka za Hydrogène kumiterere yoroshye ya Elastomemezi nayo ifite akamaro. Nubwo polyitherms na karubone mugice cyoroshye birashobora gukora umubare munini wa hydrogen hamwe na nh mugice gikomeye, biro yoroheje ubushyuhe bworoshye bwa Elastomers. Byemejwe ko hydrogen bonds iracyagumana 40% kuri 200 ℃.
02 kubora mu bushyuhe
Amino Erster Amatsinda acukwa gukurikira ubushyuhe bwinshi:
- RNHoor - RNC0 Ho-R.
- RNHoor - RNH2 Co2 Ene
- RNHoor - RNHR CO2 EO
Hano hari uburyo butatu bwingenzi bwo kubora ikirere ibikoresho bishingiye kubikoresho bya Polyurethane:
Gukora umwimerere na politile;
. Acide acide angana muri amine imwe y'ibanze na karuboni ya karubone:
③ Ifishi 1 ya amine na dioxyde de carbone.
Ubushyuhe bwo kubora imiterere yimodoka:
Aryl Nhco Aryl, ~ 120 ℃;
N-alkyl-nhco-aryl, ~ 180 ℃;
Aryl Nhco N-Alkyl, ~ 200 ℃;
N-alkyl-nhco-n-alkyl, ~ 250 ℃.
Umutekano wa The Acino aside aside afitanye isano nuburyo bwo gutangira ibikoresho nka isocyonates na politils. Aliphatic Isocyanates iri hejuru kuruta gushinsa ya aromantantate, mugihe alcool alcool iri hejuru kuruta alcool ya aromatic. Icyakora, ubuvanganzo buvuga ko ubushyuhe bwo kubora aliphatike bwa Aliphatike Acino ari hagati ya 160-180 ℃, kandi i Aromatiya Amino aside aside iri hagati ya 180-200 Impamvu irashobora kuba ifitanye isano nuburyo bwo gupima.
Mubyukuri, Aliphatic CHDI (1,4-cycclorexane diisocyanate) na HDI (hexamethylene diisocyate) kugira ngo uhangane neza kuruta gukoreshwa aromac mdi na tdi. Cyane cyane trans chdi ifite imiterere yubusa yamenyekanye nkubushyuhe bwinshi bwo kurwanya Isocyanate. Eluresthane Elastomers yateguwe muri yo ifite gahunda nziza, hydrolysis nziza, ubushyuhe bworoshye, ubushyuhe bwinzibacyuho, hysteresis, na UV yo hejuru ya UV.
Usibye Amino Ester Itsinda, Elurethane Elandomene nayo ifite indi mikorere ikorwa, biuret, Urea, nibindi. Aya matsinda arashobora kugaya mu bushyuhe ku bushyuhe bwinshi:
Nhconcoo - (Aliphatic Urea Statiate), 85-105 ℃;
- Nhconcoo - (Gukora Ureatiatiya), ku bushyuhe bwa 1-120 ℃;
- Nhconconh - (Aliphatic Biuret), ku bushyuhe kuva kuri 10 ° C kugeza 110 ° C;
Nhconconh - (aromatt ya aromatic), 115-125 ℃;
Nhcon - (Aliphatic Urea), 140-180 ℃;
- NHCONH - (Aromatiya Urea), 160-200 ℃;
Ingo ya ISOcyazate> 270 ℃.
Ubushyuhe bwo kubora bukere na urea bushingiye kuri Urea biri munsi yubwago na urea, mugihe ISOsheNurate ifite ubushyuhe bwiza bwumuriro. Mu gukora Elastomers, Isocyanates nyinshi irashobora kwitwara hamwe na aminoformate na urea kugirango ikore urea ishingiye kuri Birea ishingiye kuri Biret. Nubwo bashobora kunoza imitungo ya Elastomezizi, ntibahungabana cyane.
Kugabanya amatsinda adahungabana mu bushyuhe nka Biuret na Urea ikora muri Elastomers, birakenewe gusuzuma ko ibikorwa byabo bibi no gukora umusaruro. Ikigereranyo kirenze urugero kigomba gukoreshwa, nubundi buryo bugomba gukoreshwa cyane kugirango ubanze arigeze gukora impeta mbisi (cyane cyane PolyOl, hanyuma ubamenyesheje muri Elaspemer ukurikije inzira zisanzwe. Ibi byabaye uburyo bukoreshwa cyane bwo gutanga ubushyuhe bwa Polyurethane.
03 hydrolysis na okiside yubushyuhe
Elurethane Elastomers ikunda kubora ikirere mubice byabo bikomeye hamwe nibihinduka byimiti mubice byabo byoroshye ku bushyuhe bwinshi. Poelsters Elastomers yongeraho amazi hamwe nuburyo bukabije kuri hydrolyze ku bushyuhe bwinshi. Ubuzima bwa serivisi bwa polyester / TDI / DIAMINE burashobora kugera ku mezi 4-5 kuri 50 ℃, ibyumweru bibiri gusa kuri 70 gusa kuri 70 ℃, kandi iminsi mike iri hejuru ya 100 ℃. Ester Bonds irashobora kubora aside hamwe na alcool mugihe uhuye namazi ashyushye na steam, na Urea na Amino Ester amatsinda muri Elastomes nabo barashobora kunyuramo hydrolysis:
RCOor H20- → Rcooh Hor
Ester inzoga
RNHCHRR imwe H20- → RXHCOOOH H2NR -
Ureamide
RNHoor-H20- → Rncooh Hor -
Amino ikora ester amino ikora inzoga
Polameri ishingiye kuri Elastomers ifite ubushyuhe bwumuriro, kandi ether bishingiye kuri Elastomers α- hydrogen kuri atom ya karubone yoroshye, ikora hydrodide peroxide. Nyuma yo kubora no kweza, bitanga imiziri ya oxique na hydroxyl radicals, amaherezo ibohora cyangwa ahagaragara.
Polyester itandukanye nta ngaruka nkeya ku kurwanya ubushyuhe bwa Elastomemezi, naho PolyTethers zitandukanye zifite uruhare runaka. Ugereranije na TDI-moca-PTMEG, TDI-MOCA-PTMEG ifite umubare wa kanseri ya 44% na 60% mugihe umaze imyaka 121 ℃, hamwe na nyuma aribyiza cyane kuruta ibyambere. Impamvu irashobora kuba iyo molekile ya PPG yahinduye iminyururu, idafasha gahunda isanzwe ya molekile ya elastike ikagabanya ihohoterwa ryumubiri wa elastike. Igipimo cyumutekano cya polmal ni: ptmeg> Peg> ppg.
Indi matsinda yimikorere muri ELYurethane Elastomers, nka Ure na kashe, nayo ihura na okiside hamwe nibitekerezo bya hydrolyse. Ariko, ether itsinda niryo fatizo byoroshye, mugihe itsinda rya Ester aribwo hydrolyzed byoroshye. Urutonde rwa Antioxysant na Hydrolysis yo kurwanya Hydrolysis ni:
Igikorwa cya Antioxident: Esters> Urea> Carbamate> ether;
Kurwanya Hydrolyse: Ester
Kunoza ibimama byo kurwanya polyethar polyethane hamwe no kurwanya hydrolyse ya polyethane, inyongeramusaruro zongeweho, nko kongeramo 1% ya penoxidant Iganox1010 kuri PTMEG Polyether. Imbaraga za kanseri yiyi elastomer zirashobora kwiyongera inshuro 3-5 ugereranije na antioxidaked (ibisubizo byikizamini nyuma yo gusaza kuri 1500c kumasaha 168). Ariko ntabwo buri antioxydant ifite ingaruka kuri polarwithane, gusa phenolic 11rGanox 1010 na Towentol05 (Antiolidant yoroheje, hamwe nubwambere Antiolidant, birashoboka ko antiolictanst ihuza neza na Elanolemers. Ariko, kubera uruhare runini rwitsinda rya hydroxyl ya dehelixyl muburyo bwo guharanira inyungu zamafaranga yibanze, kugirango twirinde reaction no "gutsindwa" muri sisitemu, kandi antioxidates igomba kuba nini cyane, kandi Antioxidakes igomba kongerwa kubanziriza hamwe na train offers. Niba wongeyeho mugihe cyo gukora prepolymers, bizagira ingaruka cyane kubikorwa byo guhungabana.
Inzoga zikoreshwa mu gukumira hydrolysis ya polyesthane Polyethane Polsiomethane ari zo muri Carbodiimide, itwara acide ya carbodiide yakozwe na Ester Hydrolemes molekile ya Polyurethane kugira ngo ibeho. Ongeraho karbodiide mugihe rusange cya 2% kugeza 5% birashobora kongera amazi ya polyirethane inshuro 2-4. Byongeye kandi, tert Buyyl catechol, hexamethylenetetramionemionemine, Azodicarbonamide, nibindi kandi bafite ingaruka zimwe na zimwe zo kurwanya hydrolsis.
04 Imikorere nyamukuru
Polanethane Elastomers ni isanzwe yahagaritswe muri copolymers, hamwe nubushyuhe bwa molekiri bugizwe nubushyuhe bwinzibacyuho butari munsi yubushyuhe bwicyumba hamwe nubushyuhe bwinzibacyuho biruta ubushyuhe bwicyumba. Muri bo, oolimeric politics ikora ibice byoroshye, mugihe diisocyanates na molecule urunigi rwa molekile rufite ibice bikomeye. Imiterere yashyizwe ku gice cyoroshye kandi gikomeye kigena imikorere yabo idasanzwe:
. Elurethane Elastomers irashobora kugeraho nka Shaoer A10 no hejuru ya Shaoer D85, bidakenewe ubufasha bwuzuza;
(2) Imbaraga nyinshi na elastique birashobora gukomeza gukomera muburyo butandukanye;
(3) Kwambara neza kwambara, inshuro 2-10 za reberi karemano;
(4) kurwanya neza amazi, amavuta, na miti;
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(9) Amashanyarazi meza, kurwanya ibikoresho, na UV ituje.
Elurethane ya Polyurethane irashobora gushingwa hakoreshejwe inzira imwe nka reberi isanzwe, nka plastisation, kuvanga, no guterana. Barashobora kandi kubumbwa muburyo bwa reberi yamazi asuka, centrifugal ya molding, cyangwa gutera. Barashobora kandi gukorwa mubikoresho bya granular kandi bagashyirwaho gukoresha inshinge, gukanda, kuzunguruka, guhubuka, nibindi bikorwa. Muri ubu buryo, ntabwo igenda neza gusa gukora imirimo, ariko kandi itezimbere ubusobanuro hamwe no kugaragara kubicuruzwa
Igihe cyohereza: Ukuboza-05-2023