Elastomer ya Thermoplastic polyurethane ni iki?

Elastomer ya Thermoplastic polyurethane ni iki?

Elastomer ya polyurethane ni ubwoko butandukanye bw'ibikoresho bya polyurethane (ubundi bwoko bw'ibikoresho bivuga ifuro rya polyurethane, kole ya polyurethane, irangi rya polyurethane na fibre ya polyurethane), kandi elastomer ya polyurethane ya Thermoplastic ni bumwe mu bwoko butatu bwa elastomer ya polyurethane, Abantu bakunze kuyita TPU (ubundi bwoko bubiri bw'ingenzi bwa elastomer ya polyurethane ni elastomer za polyurethane zikozwe mu cyuma, zigasobanurwa nka CPU, na elastomer za polyurethane zivanze, zigasobanurwa nka MPU).

TPU ni ubwoko bwa elastomeri ya polyurethane ishobora guhindurwa pulasitiki binyuze mu gushyushya no gushonga hakoreshejwe solvent. Ugereranyije na CPU na MPU, TPU ifite imikorere mike cyangwa nta na kimwe ya chemical ihuza mu miterere yayo ya chemical. Uruhererekane rwa molekile rwayo ni umurongo ugororotse, ariko hari ingano runaka ya physical cross-link. Iyi ni elastomeri ya polyurethane ya Thermoplastic irangwa cyane n'imiterere yayo.

Imiterere n'ishyirwa mu byiciro rya TPU

Elastomer ya polyurethane ya Thermoplastic ni polymeri ifite umurongo wa (AB) ugororotse. A ihagarariye poliyoli ya polimeri (ester cyangwa polyether, uburemere bwa molekile 1000 ~ 6000) ifite uburemere bwinshi bwa molekile, yitwa umunyururu muremure; B ihagarariye diyoli irimo atome 2-12 za karuboni zigororotse, yitwa umunyururu mugufi.

Mu miterere ya elastomer ya polyurethane ya Thermoplastic, igice cya A cyitwa igice cyoroshye, gifite imiterere yo koroha no koroha, bigatuma TPU igira ubushobozi bwo kwaguka; Uruhererekane rwa urethane rukomoka ku gukorana hagati y’igice cya B na isocyanate rwitwa igice gikomeye, gifite imiterere ikomeye n’ikomeye. Mu guhindura igipimo cy’ibice bya A na B, ibicuruzwa bya TPU bifite imiterere itandukanye y’umubiri n’iy’imashini birakorwa.

Dukurikije imiterere y'igice cyoroshye, gishobora kugabanywamo ubwoko bwa polyester, ubwoko bwa polyether, n'ubwoko bwa butadiene, birimo itsinda rya ester, itsinda rya ether, cyangwa itsinda rya butene. Dukurikije imiterere y'igice gikomeye, gishobora kugabanywamo ubwoko bwa urethane na urethane urea, bikomoka kuri ethylene glycol chain extenders cyangwa diamine chain extenders. Icyiciro gisanzwe kigabanyijwemo ubwoko bwa polyester na polyether.

Ni ibihe bikoresho fatizo byo gukora TPU?

(1) Diyoli ya polimeri

Diol ya macromolecular ifite uburemere bwa molekile kuva kuri 500 kugeza 4000 hamwe n'amatsinda y'imikorere ibiri, ifite ingano ya 50% kugeza 80% muri elastomer ya TPU, igira uruhare rukomeye mu miterere ya fiziki n'iya chimique ya TPU.

Polymer Diol ikwiriye TPU elastomer ishobora kugabanywamo polyester na polyether: polyester irimo polytetramethylene Adipic acid glycol (PBA) ε PCL, PHC; Polyethers irimo polyoxypropylene ether glycol (PPG), tetrahydrofuran polyether glycol (PTMG), nibindi.

(2) Diisocyanate

Uburemere bwa molekile ni buto ariko imikorere yayo ni myiza cyane, ikaba idakora gusa uruhare rwo guhuza igice cyoroshye n'igice gikomeye, ahubwo inaha TPU imiterere myiza itandukanye y'umubiri n'imikorere ya mekanike. Diisocyanates zikoreshwa kuri TPU ni: Methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI), methylene bis (-4-cyclohexyl isocyanate) (HMDI), p-phenyldiisocyanate (PPDI), 1,5-naphthalene diisocyanate (NDI), p-phenyldimethyl diisocyanate (PXDI), n'ibindi.

(3) Imashini yongerera umugozi

Umuyoboro w'uruhererekane ufite uburemere bwa molekile 100 ~ 350, ugizwe na molekile nto ya Diol, uburemere buto bwa molekile, imiterere y'umuyoboro ufunguye kandi nta tsinda ryihariye rifasha kubona ubukana bwinshi n'uburemere bwinshi bwa TPU. Imiyoboro y'uruhererekane ikwiriye TPU irimo 1,4-butanediol (BDO), 1,4-bis (2-hydroxyethoxy) benzene (HQEE), 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol (CHDM), p-phenyldimethylglycol (PXG), nibindi.

Guhindura TPU nk'igikoresho cyo gukamura

Kugira ngo tugabanye ikiguzi cy'ibicuruzwa kandi tubone umusaruro wiyongera, elastomer za polyurethane thermoplastic zishobora gukoreshwa nk'ibikoresho bikunze gukoreshwa mu gukonjesha ibikoresho bitandukanye bya thermoplastic na rubber byahinduwe.

Bitewe n'uko ifite polarity nyinshi, polyurethane ishobora kuba ihuye na resins za polar cyangwa rubber, nka polyethylene chlorine (CPE), ishobora gukoreshwa mu gukora ibikoresho by'ubuvuzi; Kuvanga na ABS bishobora gusimbura thermoplastics z'ubuhanga zo gukoreshwa; Iyo ikoreshejwe hamwe na polycarbonate (PC), ifite imiterere nk'ubudahangarwa n'amavuta, ubudahangarwa n'amavuta, no kudahangarwa n'ingaruka, kandi ishobora gukoreshwa mu gukora imiyoboro y'imodoka; Iyo ihujwe na polyester, ubukomere bwayo bushobora kongerwa; Byongeye kandi, ishobora kuba ihuye neza na PVC, Polyoxymethylene cyangwa PVDC; Polyester polyurethane ishobora kuba ihuye neza na 15% ya Nitrile rubber cyangwa 40% ya nitrile rubber/PVC blend; Polyether polyurethane ishobora kandi kuba ihuye neza na 40% ya nitrile rubber/polyvinyl chloride blend adhesive; Ishobora kandi kuba ihuye na acrylonitrile styrene (SAN) copolymers; Ishobora gukora imiterere ya interpenetrating network (IPN) hamwe na polysiloxanes reactive. Inyinshi muri kole zavuzwe haruguru zamaze gukorwa ku mugaragaro.

Mu myaka ya vuba aha, habayeho ubushakashatsi bwiyongera ku gukomera kwa POM na TPU mu Bushinwa. Kuvanga TPU na POM ntibyongera gusa ubushobozi bwo guhangana n'ubushyuhe bwinshi n'imiterere ya mekanike ya TPU, ahubwo binakomeza cyane POM. Abashakashatsi bamwe bagaragaje ko mu bizamini byo gucika intege, ugereranije na POM matrix, POM alloy hamwe na TPU yahindutse kuva ku gucika intege gucika intege kugera ku gucika intege gucika intege. Kongeramo TPU binatuma POM igira ubushobozi bwo kwibuka imiterere. Agace ka kristalo ka POM kaba nk'igice gihoraho cy'icyuma cyo kwibuka imiterere, mu gihe agace ka amorphous ka TPU na POM kaba nk'igice cyo gusubira inyuma. Iyo ubushyuhe bwo gusubiza kugaruka ari 165 ℃ kandi igihe cyo gusubira inyuma kikaba amasegonda 120, igipimo cyo gusubira inyuma cy'icyuma kigera kuri 95%, kandi ingaruka zo gusubira inyuma zikaba nziza cyane.

TPU iragoye guhuza n'ibikoresho bya polymer bitari polar nka polyethylene, polypropylene, ethylene propylene rubber, butadiene rubber, isoprene rubber cyangwa waste rubber powder, kandi ntishobora gukoreshwa mu gukora ibintu bivanze bifite imikorere myiza. Kubwibyo, uburyo bwo gutunganya ubuso nka plasma, corona, Wet chemistry, primer, flame cyangwa reactive gaz bukunze gukoreshwa kuri ibi. Urugero, American Air Products and Chemicals Company yakoze F2/O2 active gaz surface treatment ku ifu nziza ya polyethylene ifite uburemere bwa molekile bugera kuri miliyoni 3-5, kandi yongerewe kuri polyurethane elastomer ku kigereranyo cya 10%, bishobora kunoza cyane Flexural modulus yayo, imbaraga zo gukurura no kudashira. Kandi F2/O2 active gaz surface ishobora no gukoreshwa ku migozi migufi ifite uburebure bwa mm 6-35, ishobora kunoza gukomera no gucika kw'ibikoresho bivanze.

Ni ibihe bice TPU ikoresha?

Mu 1958, Goodrich Chemical Company (ubu yitwa Lubrizol) yandikisha ikirango cya TPU Estane ku nshuro ya mbere. Mu myaka 40 ishize, habayeho amazina arenga 20 ku isi, kandi buri kirango gifite urukurikirane rw'ibicuruzwa byinshi. Kuri ubu, inganda nini za TPU ku isi ni: BASF, Covestro, Lubrizol, Huntsman Corporation, McKinsey, Golding, n'izindi.

Nk'umuti mwiza cyane wa elastomer, TPU ifite ubwoko bwinshi bw'ibicuruzwa biri inyuma, bikoreshwa cyane mu bikoresho bya buri munsi, ibikoresho bya siporo, ibikinisho, ibikoresho byo gushushanya, n'ibindi. Ingero nke zirahari hepfo.

① Ibikoresho by'inkweto

TPU ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu bikoresho by'inkweto bitewe nuko irushaho gukomera no kudashira. Ibikoresho by'inkweto birimo TPU biroroshye cyane kwambara kurusha ibikoresho bisanzwe by'inkweto, bityo bikoreshwa cyane mu bikoresho by'inkweto bihenze cyane, cyane cyane zimwe mu nkweto za siporo n'inkweto zisanzwe.

② Imiyoboro y'amazi

Bitewe n'uko yoroshye, imbaraga nziza zo gukurura, imbaraga zo gukubita, no kurwanya ubushyuhe bwinshi n'ubukonje, imiyoboro ya TPU ikoreshwa cyane mu Bushinwa nk'imiyoboro ya gazi na peteroli ku bikoresho bya mekanike nk'indege, ibigega by'indege, imodoka, moto, n'ibikoresho bya mashini.

③ Insinga

TPU itanga ubushobozi bwo kudacika, kudashira, no kunama, aho ubushyuhe bwinshi n'ubushyuhe buke ari byo bifasha mu mikorere y'insinga. Bityo rero, ku isoko ry'Ubushinwa, insinga zigezweho nka insinga zo kugenzura n'insinga z'amashanyarazi zikoresha TPU kugira ngo zirinde ibikoresho byo gusiga ku nsinga bigoye, kandi ikoreshwa ryazo riri kwiyongera cyane.

④ Ibikoresho by'ubuvuzi

TPU ni ibikoresho bisimbura PVC bifite umutekano, bihamye kandi byujuje ubuziranenge, bitazaba birimo Phthalate n'ibindi bintu byangiza imiti, kandi bizajya mu maraso cyangwa ibindi bintu biri mu katheteri cyangwa mu gakapu k'ubuvuzi bigatera ingaruka mbi. Byongeye kandi, TPU yakozwe mu buryo bwihariye yo gusohora no gutera inshinge ishobora gukoreshwa byoroshye hamwe no gukosora gato ibikoresho bya PVC bihari.

⑤ Imodoka n'ubundi buryo bwo gutwara abantu

Mu gukuramo no gusiga impande zombi z'umwenda wa nylon na polyurethane thermoplastic elastomer, hashobora gukorwa rafts z'intambara zishobora gushyuha n'rafts zo kugenzura zitwara abantu 3-15, zifite imikorere myiza cyane kurusha rafts za vulcanized rubber inflatable; polymer ya polyurethane thermoplastic elastomer ishyigikiwe na fibre y'ikirahure ishobora gukoreshwa mu gukora ibice by'umubiri nk'ibice byabumbwe ku mpande zombi z'imodoka ubwayo, uruhu rw'inzugi, amabampa, uduce two kurwanya friction, na grilles.