1.. A.polymerImfashanyo yo gutunganya? Ni uwuhe murimo wacyo?
Igisubizo: Inyongera ni imiti ifasha zitandukanye igomba kongerwaho kubikoresho bimwe na bimwe mubicuruzwa mubikorwa cyangwa gutunganya kugirango utezimbere ibikorwa no kuzamura imikorere yimikorere. Muburyo bwo gutunganya resisiyo na reberi mbisi muri plastiki na reberi, imiti itandukanye irakenewe.
Imikorere: ① Kunoza imikorere imikorere ya polymers, uburyo bwo gutunganya, no gutanga imikorere yo gutunganya; Kunoza imikorere yibicuruzwa, kuzamura agaciro kabo nubuzima bwiza.
2.Ni ubuhe buryo bwo guhuza inyongera na polymers? Ni ubuhe busobanuro bwo gutera no kubira ibyuya?
IGISUBIZO: Spray PolyMoriWation - Imvura Yinyongera Zihanitse; Ibyuya - imvura yongerwa amafaranga.
Guhuza hagati yinyongera na polymers bivuga ubushobozi bwinyongera na polymers kugirango bavange rimwe mugihe kirekire utatanze imyigaragambyo no kugwa;
3. Ni ubuhe buryo bwa plastizi?
IGISUBIZO: Gutera imiduka ya kabiri hagati ya molymedi ya polymer, uzwi ku izina rya Van Kuwa Waals imbaraga, yongera umuvuduko wa polymer kandi bigabanya akabari kabo.
4.Kuki polystyrene ufite okiside nziza kuruta polypropylene?
Igisubizo: Gusigara h isimburwa nitsinda rinini rya penyl, nimpamvu ituma PS idakunda gusaza nuko impeta ya benzene ifite ingaruka zikingiye kuri h; PP irimo hydrogen ya tertiary kandi ikunda gusaza.
5.Nimpamvu zituma PVC ishyuha?
IGISUBIZO: ① Imiterere y'urunigi rwa molekile ikubiyemo ibisigazwa byatabaye na allell chloride, ikora imishinga. Itsinda ryanyuma ubumwe bugabanya ubushyuhe bwumuriro; ② ingaruka za ogisijeni zihutisha kuvana na HCL mugihe cyo gutesha agaciro PVC; ③ HCL yakozwe na reaction ifite ingaruka za kataletike ku gutesha agaciro PVC; ④ ingaruka za dosage ya plastizer.
6. Ukurikije ibisubizo byubushakashatsi biriho, ni izihe mirimo nyamukuru yo mu gahanya ubushyuhe?
Igisubizo: ① Absorb no kutagira aho bibogamiye HCL, bibuza ingaruka za kataleti zikora; Gusimbuza Allyl Chloride Atome muri PVC molekile kugirango ibuza kuri HCL; ③ reactions reaction hamwe ninzego za Polyene zibangamira ishyirwaho rya sisitemu nini yuzuye kandi igabanya ubuko; Gufata imirasire yubusa no gukumira reaction oxt; Kutabogama cyangwa Pastivation yicyuma cyangwa ibindi bintu byangiza cataraleze kwangirika; ⑥ Ifite ingaruka zikingira, zikingiye, kandi zikamba ku mirasire ya ultraviolet.
7.Kuki ni imirasire ya ultraviolet yangiza cyane polymers?
Igisubizo: Ultraviolet Imiraba iraremba kandi ikomeye, kumena imiti myinshi ya polymer.
8.
Igisubizo: Intimentcent Flame Redaristants ni iya Syphorus ya azori ya azori.
Uburyo: Iyo Polymer irimo umuti wa flame ushyuha, urwego rumwe rwa karubone rushobora gushingwa hejuru. Igice gifite ikidindi cyiza kubera umusuku wacyo, kwigunga kwa ogisijeni, guhagarika umwotsi no gukumira.
9. Indangantego ya ogisijeni, kandi ni irihe sano riri hagati yubunini bwa ogisijeni na flame redical?
Igisubizo: Oi = O2 / (O2 N2) x 100%, aho O2 ari igipimo cyurupfu rwa ogisijeni; N2: igipimo cyurupfu rwa azote. Ironderero rya ogisijeni ryerekeza ku ijanisha rito rya ogisijeni risabwa muri a nanzin ogisijeni kuvanga iyo urugero runaka rushobora gutwikwa no gukomera nka buji. Oi <21 yaka, Oi ni 22-25 hamwe no kwizihiza imitungo yo kwizihiza, 26-27 biragoye gutwika, kandi hejuru ya 28 biragoye cyane gutwika.
10.Ni gute antimony halide flame slime ded stlied igaragaza ingaruka za synorgistic?
Igisubizo: SB2O3 isanzwe ikoreshwa kuri antimany, mugihe hakunze gukoreshwa habisha bikunze gukoreshwa kuri halide. SB2O3 / Imashini ikoreshwa hamwe na Halide ahanini biterwa n'imikoranire yayo hamwe na Hydrogen Halide yashyizwe ahagaragara na Halide.
Kandi ibicuruzwa byangirika kwa SBCL3, nikihe gaze ihindagurika ifite aho ituje. Iyi gaze ifite ubucucike bwinshi kandi burashobora kuguma muri zone yo gutwika igihe kirekire kugirango dutandukane imyuka yaka, itandukanya umwuka, kandi igira uruhare mu guhagarika olefins; Icya kabiri, irashobora gufata imirasire yubusa kugirango ihagarike umuriro. Mubyongeyeho, inkoko ya SBCL3 mubyiciro nkibice bikomeye hejuru yumuriro, kandi ingaruka zurukuta zayo zikwirakwiza ubushyuhe bwinshi, gahoro cyangwa uhagarike cyangwa uhagarike umuvuduko. Muri rusange, igipimo cya 3: 1 kirakwiriye chlorine kugera kuri atome yicyuma.
11. Ukurikije ubushakashatsi bugezweho, ni ubuhe buryo bwibikorwa bya Flame Retdarts?
IGISUBIZO: ① Ibicuruzwa byo kubora flame ku bushyuhe bwo gutwika bukora filishi idahwitse kandi idahwitse ihindagurika kandi idashobora gutandukanya ikirere, bushobora gutandukanya umwuka ugaragaza imbaraga cyangwa kugira mu bushyuhe buke.
De Flame Redardants ikorerwa ubushyuhe bwo kunyerera kugirango itange imyuka idahwitse, bityo igatandukanya imyuka yaka kandi igatandukanya kwibanda kuri ogisijeni mukarere ka ogisijeni; Gusenya no kubora flame redardants bikurura ubushyuhe no kurya ubushyuhe;
SHAKA FLOME iteza imbere ishyirwaho rya shitingi yubushyuhe hejuru ya plastiki, irinda gukora ubushyuhe no gutandukana.
12.Kuki ni ugukunda pulasitike amashanyarazi mugihe cyo gutunganya cyangwa gukoresha?
Igisubizo: Bitewe nuko iminyururu ya molemer ya polymer isanzwe igizwe ahanini na bonds zikarito, ntibashobora kwitegura cyangwa kwimura electron. Mugihe cyo gutunganya no gukoresha ibicuruzwa byayo, mugihe cyo guhura no guterana amagambo cyangwa kwishyurwa, byishyurwa kubera inyungu cyangwa gutakaza electron, kandi biragoye kuzimira binyuze mu kwikorera.
13. Ni ibihe bintu biranga imiterere ya molekelar y'abakozi ba antistika?
Igisubizo: RYX R: Itsinda rya Oleophilic, Y: Igice cya Linker, x: Itsinda rya Hydrophilic. Muri molekile zabo, hagomba kubaho impirimbanyi zikwiye hagati yitsinda ryamaso ya polar hamwe nitsinda rya polar ryamaye, kandi bagomba kuba bafite guhuza ibikoresho bya polymer. Amatsinda ya Alkyl hejuru ya C12 ni amatsinda asanzwe ya Oleophilic, mugihe hydroxyl, carboxyl, aside ya sulfonic, na ether aside, hamwe na ethers ni amatsinda asanzwe ya hydrophilic.
14. Vuga muri make uburyo bwo gukora ibikorwa byo kurwanya static.
Igisubizo: Icyambere, abakozi barwanya static bashiraho firime ikomeza guhoraho hejuru yibikoresho, bishobora kugabanya uburebure bwa Hygroscoficity kandi bigatuma habaho ibirego byihariye byatewe no kugera ku ntego yo kurwanya stract; Iya kabiri ni uguha umwanya wibintu hamwe nurwego runaka rwo gutinda, kugabanya coeefficiete, bityo bakandaka kandi bigabanye igisekuru cyamafaranga ateganijwe.
Medints Anti-Stating Anti-Static ikoreshwa muri rusange nkibintu cyangwa itwarwa n'amazi, inzoga, cyangwa ibindi bilime. Iyo ukoresheje abakozi barwanya barwanya static kugira ngo bateredate polyment, hydrophilic igice cya anti-static anti-shitingi ihamye mu kirere, bityo hagira uruhara rukora amazi, kandi rufite uruhare mu gukuraho amashanyarazi ashushanyije;
Intego yo kurwanya imbere ivanze matrix ya Polymer mugihe cyo gutunganya plastike, hanyuma yimukira hejuru ya polymer kugirango inanire irwanya static;
Polymed yahujije umukozi uhoraho anti-static nuburyo bwo kuvangura amashanyarazi kimwe muri polymer kugirango akore imiyoboro itwara neza imyitwarire no kurekura ibirego.
15.Ni izihe mpinduka zisanzwe zibaho muburyo na reberi nyuma yo gutuza?
IGISUBIZO: ① Reberi ya Guverinoma yahindutse kuva kumurongo kugeza kumiterere yinkubo eshatu; Gushyushya ntibikiriho; ③ Ntibikiriho gushonga muburyo bwiza; Kunoza Modulus no gukomera; ⑤ Kunoza imitungo; ⑥ Kunoza imyaka yo gusaza no gushikama imiti; ⑦ Imikorere yuburyo bushobora kugabanuka.
16. Ni irihe tandukaniro riri hagati ya sulfur sulfide na sulfuru umutegarugori usweye?
Igisubizo: ① Sulfurosation: Ububiko bwinshi bwa sulfuru, kurwanya ubushyuhe, kurwanya ubukene buke, guhinduka ibintu byiza, hamwe nubuzima buhoraho; ② Umuterankunga wa Sulfure: Ububikoshingiro bunini, ubushyuhe bwiza bwo kurwanya ubushyuhe no kurwanya gusaza.
17. Ni iki umutezimbere wa delicalisation ukora iki?
Igisubizo: Kunoza imikorere yimikorere yibicuruzwa bya Rubber, kugabanya ibiciro, no kunoza imikorere. Ibintu bishobora guteza imbere ibibazo. Irashobora kugabanya igihe cya gilcanisation, kugabanya ubushyuhe buhuriro, kugabanya umubare wibibazo byatewe, no kunoza imitungo yumubiri na mashini ya reberi.
18. Gutwika ibintu: bivuga ibintu byo gutakaza hakiri kare ibikoresho bya rubber mugihe cyo gutunganya.
19. Vuga muri make imikorere hamwe nubwoko nyamukuru bwo gutanga ibitekerezo
Igisubizo: Imikorere yumukoresha igomba kuzamura ibikorwa byihuta, bigabanya igipimo cyumuvuduko, hanyuma ukagabanya igihe cya gilcanisation.
Umukozi ufatika: Ikintu gishobora kongera ibikorwa byibinyabuzima bya kama, bikabatera imbaraga zabo byimazeyo, bityo bigabanya ingano yimyambarire yakoresheje cyangwa kugabanya igihe cya gilcanisation. Abakozi bakora cyane muri rusange bagabanijwemo ibyiciro bibiri: abakozi bakora cyane hamwe nabakozi bakomoka. Indwara zidasanzwe zirimo ahanini inka z'icyuma, hydroxide, hamwe na karubone shingiro; Isosiyete ngenda zirimo ahanini acide acide, amine, amasabune, politile, na amino alcool. Ongeraho umubare muto wibikorwa kuri reberi irashobora kunoza impamyabumenyi yatewe.
1) Abakozi bashinzwe inorumanic: cyane cyane impinga y'icyuma;
2) Abakozi bakomokaho: cyane cyane acide.
Icyitonderwa: ① Zno irashobora gukoreshwa nkigishishwa cyicyuma cyumukozi wo kwanduza Halogitented reberi; ② Zno irashobora guteza imbere ihohoterwa ry'ubushyuhe rya rubber.
20.Ni izihe ngaruka z'imyandikire kandi ni ubuhe bwoko bw'ibihuriraho bifite ingaruka nziza?
Igisubizo: Munsi yubushyuhe busebanya, ntibizatera ibibazo byambere. Iyo ubushyuhe buke bugerwaho, ibikorwa bya Gusubiramo ni byinshi, kandi uyu mutungo witwa Ingaruka za nyuma. Sulfonamide afite ingaruka nziza.
21. Igisobanuro cya lubriricants nitandukaniro hagati ya libriricance imbere na hanze?
Igisubizo: Lubricant - inyongeramusaruro zishobora kunoza ubukana no gusohora hagati yisahani ya plastiki no hagati yibikoresho byo gutunganya, ongera amazi ya spositike, kandi ukomeze umusaruro uhoraho, wishyure.
Ibihimbaro byo hanze birashobora kongera amavuta ya plastike mugihe cyo gutunganya, kugabanya imbaraga zo gupfukaho hagati ya plastike nicyuma, hanyuma ugabanye imbaraga zo gufatanya kwa plastike nicyuma, hanyuma ugabanye imbaraga zo gufatanya kwa plastike nicyuma, hanyuma ugabanye imbaraga zo gufatanya kwa plastike nicyuma, hanyuma ugabanye imbaraga zo gusiganwa kuri plastike. Bityo ugabanye imbaraga zo gufatanya kwa plastike nicyuma, hanyuma ugabanye imbaraga zo gusiganwa kuri plastike nicyuma, hanyuma ugabanye imbaraga zo gukomera kwinshi, bityo ugabanye imbaraga zo gusiganwa kuri plastike nicyuma, hanyuma ugabanye imbaraga zo gusiganwa kuri plastike nicyuma. Ibihimbano by'imbere birashobora kugabanya amakimbirane imbere ya polymers, ongera igipimo gishonga kandi gishonga cya plastiki, gabanya virusi, kandi kunoza imikorere ya plasitike.
Itandukaniro riri hagati yimbere no hanze yimbere: Lubriricants yimbere isaba guhuza cyane na polymers, kugabanya amakimbirane hagati yiminyururu ya molecula, no kunoza imikorere yumubiri; Kandi amavuta yo hanze asaba urwego runaka rwo guhuza na polymer kugirango rugabanye amakimbirane hagati ya polymer kandi rukorewe.
22. Ni ibihe bintu byerekana ubunini bwingaruka zishimangira zuzuza?
Igisubizo: Ubunini bwingaruka zikomoka ku miterere nyamukuru ya plasike ubwayo, umubare wubuso bwihariye nubunini, imiterere yubuso, hamwe no kugabana no gutatanya ibice muri polymers. Ikintu cyingenzi ni imikoranire hagati yuzuza hamwe nimiti ya intera yakozwe muminyururu ya polymer ya polymer cyangwa imiti ikubiyemo iminyururu ku minyururu ya polymer, kimwe no kwerekana iminyururu ya polymer.
23. Ni ibihe bintu bigira ingaruka ku mbaraga za plastiki yashimangiwe?
IGISUBIZO: ① Imbaraga za Agent Agenthing yatoranijwe kugirango yujuje ibisabwa; ② Imbaraga za polymes yibanze zirashobora kugerwaho binyuze muguhitamo no guhindura polymers; ③ Ubutaka bunini hagati ya plastistizers hamwe na polymers yibanze; ④ Ibikoresho byubuyobozi byo gushimangira ibikoresho.
24. Umukozi uhuza, imiterere yacyo ya molekelar, nurugero rwo kwerekana uburyo bwo gukora.
Igisubizo: Abakozi baho bahuzamo bavuga ubwoko bwibintu bishobora kunoza imitungo hagati yuburyo bwuzuye nibikoresho bya polymer.
Hariho ubwoko bubiri bwimikorere yimikorere muburyo bwayo: Umuntu arashobora gukorerwa imiti hamwe na matrix ya polymer cyangwa byibuze kugira neza; Ubundi bwoko burashobora gukora ubumwe bwa chimique hamwe nabahumura. Kurugero, umukozi wa silane, formula rusange irashobora kwandikwa nka RONIX3, aho r ari itsinda rikora rikora hamwe na vinole ya polemer, nka vinyl chlorolesl, epoxy, methacryl, amino, namatsinda ya Thino. X ni itsinda rya alkoxy rishobora kuba hydrolyzed, nkuburyo, ethoxy, nibindi.
25.
Igisubizo: Umukozi wa Foaming ni ubwoko bwibintu bishobora gukora imiterere microus ya reberi cyangwa plastike mubintu byamazi cyangwa bya plastike muburyo bumwe.
Umukozi wa FIAMIS: Ubwoko bwikigereranyo bugera ku ntego ifuro mu kwishingikiriza ku mpinduka muburyo bubiri mugihe cyimikorere;
Umukozi wa chimique: Ku bushyuhe runaka, ntabwo byoroshye kubora imyuka imwe cyangwa myinshi, itera guhindagura kwa polymer.
26. Ni ubuhe buryo buranga chimie idasanzwe na chimie ofline mu kubonezanya kw'abakozi ba foaming?
Igisubizo: Ibyiza nibibi byintumwa zamabacyuho: ① Ntabwo ari byiza muri polymers; ② Urugwiro rwubushyuhe rugabanya kandi rworoshye kugenzura; Gazi yakozwe na N2 itabyaye, iturika, liquefy byoroshye, ifite igipimo gito cyo kudakwirakwiza, kandi ntibyoroshye guhunga ku mfuruka, bikaviramo igipimo cya robe. Ibice bito bivamo inseke ntoya; ⑤ Hariho ubwoko bwinshi; ⑥ Nyuma yo kubyimba, hari ibisigisigi byinshi, rimwe na rimwe nkurugero 70% -85%. Ibi bisigazwa birashobora rimwe na rimwe gutera impumuro, byanduza ibikoresho bya polymer, cyangwa kubyara ibintu byubukonje; ⑦ Mugihe cyo kubora, muri rusange ni reaction idasanzwe. Niba ubushyuhe bwo kubora bufite ifuro bukoreshwa cyane, birashobora gutuma ubushyuhe bunini bwingenzi mubikorwa byo kwibasirwa, ndetse no kwangiza ubushyuhe bwimbere kandi byangiza ibintu byo kwinezeza, rimwe na rimwe bikaba bitanga ibikoresho byumubiri byaka, kandi byitaweho gukumira umuriro mugihe cyo kubika no gukoresha.
27.
Igisubizo: Ni igiteranyo cyatanzwe nubwikorezi bumwe bukabije, ibirangizo bihoraho cyangwa dyes muri resin; Ibice by'ibanze: pigment cyangwa doyes, abatwara, ipasana, inyongeramusaruro; Imikorere: ① CYIZA YO GUKORA GUKORA AMAFARANGA AKARERE KA CHECIQUE NA AMAKURU YAMAFARANGA; Kunoza ibitagenda neza kuri pigment muri plastiki; Rinda ubuzima bw'abakora; Inzira yoroshye kandi byoroshye guhinduka ibara; Ibidukikije birasukuye kandi ntabwo byanduza ibikoresho; ⑥ Suba umwanya n'ibikoresho fatizo.
28. Imbaraga z'ibara ryerekeza iki?
Igisubizo: Nubushobozi bwamabara kugirango bigire ingaruka ku ibara rivanze byose hamwe n'ibara ryabo; Iyo abakozi ba Colong bakoreshwa mubicuruzwa bya plastike, imbaraga zitwikiriye zerekeza ku bushobozi bwabo bwo gukumira umucyo kuva kurenga ku gicuruzwa.
Igihe cyo kohereza: APR-11-2024