1. Nikipolymerimfashanyo yo gutunganya?Ni ubuhe butumwa bukora?
Igisubizo: Inyongeramusaruro ni imiti itandukanye yingirakamaro igomba kongerwaho ibikoresho nibicuruzwa bimwe mubikorwa byo gutunganya cyangwa gutunganya kugirango bitezimbere umusaruro kandi bitezimbere imikorere yibicuruzwa.Muburyo bwo gutunganya ibisigazwa na reberi mbisi mubikoresho bya plastiki na reberi, hakenewe imiti itandukanye.
Imikorere: ① Kunoza imikorere yimikorere ya polymers, guhuza uburyo bwo gutunganya, no gutanga umusaruro neza;Kunoza imikorere yibicuruzwa, kuzamura agaciro kabo nigihe cyo kubaho.
2.Ni ubuhe buryo buhuza inyongeramusaruro na polymers?Gutera no kubira ibyuya bisobanura iki?
Igisubizo: Shira polymerisation - imvura yinyongera ikomeye;Kubira ibyuya - imvura yinyongeramusaruro.
Ubwuzuzanye hagati yinyongeramusaruro na polymers bivuga ubushobozi bwinyongeramusaruro na polymers kugirango bivangwe hamwe mugihe kirekire bidatanga umusaruro wo gutandukanya icyiciro nimvura;
3.Ni uwuhe murimo wa plastiseri?
Igisubizo: Kugabanya umubano wa kabiri hagati ya molekile ya polymer, izwi kwizina rya van der Waals, byongera umuvuduko wiminyururu ya polymer kandi bigabanya kristu.
4.Kuki polystirene ifite imbaraga zo kurwanya okiside kurusha polypropilene?
Igisubizo: H idahindagurika isimburwa nitsinda rinini rya fenyl, kandi impamvu PS idakunda gusaza nuko impeta ya benzene igira ingaruka zo gukingira H;PP irimo hydrogène yo hejuru kandi ikunda gusaza.
5.Ni izihe mpamvu zitera ubushyuhe bwa PVC?
Igisubizo: structure Imiterere y'urunigi rwa molekuline irimo ibisigisigi bitangiza hamwe na allyl chloride, ikora amatsinda akora.Itsinda ryanyuma ryikubye kabiri rigabanya ubushyuhe bwumuriro;Influence Ingaruka za ogisijeni yihutisha ikurwaho rya HCL mugihe cyo kwangiza ubushyuhe bwa PVC;HC HCl yakozwe na reaction igira ingaruka za catalitike ku iyangirika rya PVC;Influence Ingaruka ya dosiye ya plastike.
6. Ukurikije ibisubizo byubushakashatsi bugezweho, niyihe mirimo yingenzi ya stabilisateur yubushyuhe?
Igisubizo: ① Kureka no gutesha agaciro HCL, kubuza ingaruka zayo za catalitiki;Gusimbuza atome idahwitse ya allyl chloride muri molekile ya PVC kugirango ibuze gukuramo HCl;③ Kwiyongera kubyubaka hamwe na polyene bihagarika ishyirwaho rya sisitemu nini ya conjugated kandi bigabanya amabara;Gufata radicals yubuntu no kwirinda okiside;Kutabogama cyangwa gutambutsa ioni yicyuma cyangwa ibindi bintu byangiza bitera kwangirika;⑥ Ifite ingaruka zo gukingira, gukingira, no guca intege imirasire ya ultraviolet.
7.Kuki imirasire ya ultraviolet yangiza cyane polymers?
Igisubizo: Ultraviolet waves ni ndende kandi ikomeye, isenya polymer nyinshi.
8. Ni ubuhe bwoko bwa sisitemu yoguhuza intumecent flame retardant irimo, kandi ni irihe hame nibikorwa byaryo?
Igisubizo: Intumecent flame retardants ni sisitemu ya fosifore ya azote.
Mechanism: Iyo polymer irimo flame retardant yashyutswe, hejuru yacyo hejuru hashobora kubaho urwego rumwe rwa karuboni.Igice gifite ububobere buke bwa flame kubera ubushyuhe bwacyo, kwigunga kwa ogisijeni, guhagarika umwotsi no kwirinda ibitonyanga.
9. Umubare wa ogisijeni ni uwuhe, kandi ni irihe sano riri hagati yubunini bwa ogisijeni no kutagira umuriro?
Igisubizo: OI = O2 / (O2 N2) x 100%, aho O2 ni umuvuduko wa ogisijeni;N2: Igipimo cya azote.Igipimo cya ogisijeni bivuga ijanisha ntarengwa rya ogisijeni ikenerwa muri azote ya ogisijeni ivanze n’umwuka mugihe icyitegererezo runaka gishobora gutwikwa ubudahwema kandi buhoraho nka buji.OI <21 irashya, OI ni 22-25 ifite imitungo yo kuzimya, 26-27 biragoye kuyitwika, kandi hejuru ya 28 biragoye cyane kuyitwika.
10.Ni gute sisitemu ya antimony halide flame retardant yerekana ingaruka zoguhuza?
Igisubizo: Sb2O3 ikoreshwa muburyo bwa antimoni, mugihe igice cya organic gikoreshwa cyane muri halide.Sb2O3 / imashini ikoreshwa na halide cyane cyane kubera imikoranire yayo na hydrogen halide yarekuwe na halide.
Kandi ibicuruzwa byangirika cyane muri SbCl3, ni gaze ihindagurika ifite aho itetse.Iyi gaze ifite ubucucike buri hejuru kandi irashobora kuguma muri zone yaka igihe kirekire kugirango igabanye imyuka yaka umuriro, itandukanya umwuka, kandi igira uruhare mukubuza olefine;Icya kabiri, irashobora gufata radicals yubusa ishobora kuzimya umuriro.Mubyongeyeho, SbCl3 yegeranya mubitonyanga nkibice bikomeye hejuru yumuriro, kandi ingaruka zurukuta rwacyo zikwirakwiza ubushyuhe bwinshi, bigabanya umuvuduko cyangwa guhagarika umuvuduko wo gutwika.Muri rusange, ikigereranyo cya 3: 1 kirakwiriye cyane kuri chlorine na atome yicyuma.
11. Ukurikije ubushakashatsi buriho, ni ubuhe buryo bwo gukora bwibiza umuriro?
Igisubizo: products Ibicuruzwa byangirika bya flame retardants ku bushyuhe bwo gutwika bigira firime idahindagurika kandi idafite okiside yikirahure yoroheje, ishobora gutandukanya ingufu zigaragaza ikirere cyangwa ikagira ubushyuhe buke bwumuriro.
Ret Umuriro utwika umuriro wangirika kugirango ubyare imyuka idashobora gutwikwa, bityo ugabanye imyuka yaka kandi igabanya ingufu za ogisijeni muri zone yaka;Gusenya no kubora bya retardants ya flame bikurura ubushyuhe kandi bigakoresha ubushyuhe;
Ret Imirasire yumuriro iteza imbere ishyirwaho ryimyanya yubushyuhe yumuriro hejuru ya plastiki, ikarinda gutwara ubushyuhe no gutwikwa.
12.Kubera iki plastiki ikunda amashanyarazi ahamye mugihe cyo gutunganya cyangwa gukoresha?
Igisubizo: Bitewe nuko iminyururu ya molekuline ya polymer nyamukuru igizwe ahanini na covalent bonds, ntishobora ionize cyangwa kohereza electron.Mugihe cyo gutunganya no gukoresha ibicuruzwa byayo, iyo bihuye no guterana amagambo nibindi bintu cyangwa ubwabyo, byishyurwa kubera inyungu cyangwa gutakaza electron, kandi biragoye kuzimira binyuze mu kwiyobora.
13. Ni ibihe bintu biranga imiterere ya molekuline yimiti igabanya ubukana?
Igisubizo: RYX R: itsinda rya oleophilique, Y: itsinda rihuza, X: itsinda rya hydrophilique.Muri molekile zabo, hagomba kubaho uburinganire bukwiye hagati yitsinda ridafite oleophilique na polar hydrophilique, kandi bagomba kugira aho bahurira nibikoresho bya polymer.Amatsinda ya Alkyl hejuru ya C12 ni amatsinda asanzwe ya oleophilique, mugihe hydroxyl, carboxyl, acide sulfonique, na ether bihuza amatsinda ya hydrophilique.
14. Sobanura muri make uburyo bwibikorwa bya anti-static.
Igisubizo: Ubwa mbere, anti-static agent ikora firime ikomeza ikomeza hejuru yibikoresho, ishobora guha ubuso bwibicuruzwa urwego runaka rwa hygroscopicity na ionisation, bityo bikagabanya ubukana bwubuso kandi bigatuma ibicuruzwa biva muburyo bwihuse byihuta kumeneka, kugirango ugere ku ntego yo kurwanya static;Iya kabiri ni uguha ibintu bifatika hamwe nurwego runaka rwo gusiga, kugabanya coeffisiyonike yo guterana, bityo guhagarika no kugabanya kubyara ibicuruzwa bihamye.
Anti Imiti yo kurwanya anti-static ikoreshwa muri rusange ikoreshwa nk'umuti cyangwa ikwirakwiza amazi, inzoga, cyangwa ibindi bimera.Iyo ukoresheje imiti igabanya ubukana kugirango yinjize ibikoresho bya polymer, igice cya hydrophilique ya anti-static agent cyamamaza cyane hejuru yibikoresho, naho hydrophilique ikuramo amazi ava mu kirere, bityo igakora urwego ruyobora hejuru yibikoresho. , igira uruhare mu gukuraho amashanyarazi ahamye;
Agent Imbere yo kurwanya anti-static ivangwa muri materix ya polymer mugihe cyo gutunganya plastike, hanyuma ikimukira hejuru ya polymer kugirango igire uruhare rwo kurwanya static;
③ Polymer yavanze imiti ihoraho irwanya anti-static nuburyo bwo guhuza polymers hydrophilique polymers kugirango ibe imiyoboro ikora kandi irekura ibicuruzwa bihamye.
15.Ni izihe mpinduka zikunze kugaragara muburyo n'imiterere ya reberi nyuma yo kurunga?
Igisubizo: rubber Rubber ya volcanized yahindutse kuva kumurongo ugana kumurongo wimiterere-itatu;Ubushuhe ntibukigenda;③ Ntibikiri gushonga muburyo bwiza bwabyo;Kunoza modulus no gukomera;⑤ Kunoza imiterere yubukanishi;Kunoza gusaza no kurwanya imiti;Performance Imikorere yikigereranyo irashobora kugabanuka.
16. Ni irihe tandukaniro riri hagati ya sulfure sulfide na sulfide itanga sulfure?
Igisubizo: vul Ibirunga bya sufuru: Imirongo myinshi ya sulfuru, irwanya ubushyuhe, kurwanya gusaza nabi, guhinduka neza, no guhindura ibintu bihoraho;Don Abaterankunga ba sufuru: Imirongo myinshi ya sulfuru imwe, kurwanya ubushyuhe bwiza no kurwanya gusaza.
17. Umu promoteri wibirunga akora iki?
Igisubizo: Kunoza umusaruro wibicuruzwa bya reberi, kugabanya ibiciro, no kunoza imikorere.Ibintu bishobora guteza imbere ibirunga.Irashobora kugabanya igihe cyibirunga, kugabanya ubushyuhe bwikirunga, kugabanya umubare wibikoresho byangiza, no kunoza imiterere yumubiri nubukanishi bwa reberi.
18. Gutwika ibintu: bivuga ibintu byo guturika hakiri kare ibikoresho bya reberi mugihe cyo gutunganya.
19. Vuga muri make imikorere nubwoko bwingenzi bwibikoresho byangiza
Igisubizo: Igikorwa cya activateur nukuzamura ibikorwa byihuta, kugabanya dosiye yihuta, no kugabanya igihe cyibirunga.
Umukozi ukora: ibintu bishobora kongera ibikorwa byihuta kama, bikabemerera gukora neza, bityo bikagabanya umuvuduko wihuta wakoreshejwe cyangwa kugabanya igihe cyibirunga.Ibikorwa bifatika bigabanyijemo ibyiciro bibiri: ibintu bidafite ingufu hamwe ningingo ikora.Ibinyabuzima bidakoreshwa cyane birimo okiside yicyuma, hydroxide, na karubone yibanze;Ibihingwa ngengabuzima birimo aside irike, amine, amasabune, polyoli, na amino alcool.Ongeramo umubare muto wa activateur murwego rwa reberi birashobora kuzamura urwego rwibirunga.
1) Ibikoresho bidafite ingufu: cyane cyane oxyde yicyuma;
2) Ibikoresho bikora: cyane cyane aside irike.
Icyitonderwa: ① ZnO irashobora gukoreshwa nkicyuma cya oxyde oxyde ya volcanizing kugirango ihuze reberi ya halogene;② ZnO irashobora kunoza ubushyuhe bwa reberi yibirunga.
20.Ni izihe ngaruka zoherejwe nihuta kandi ni ubuhe bwoko bwihuta bugira ingaruka nziza zoherejwe?
Igisubizo: Munsi yubushyuhe bwikirunga, ntabwo bizatera ibirunga hakiri kare.Iyo ubushyuhe bwibirunga bumaze kugerwaho, ibikorwa byo kurunga ni byinshi, kandi iyi mitungo yitwa post post ya yihuta.Sulfonamide ifite ingaruka nziza zoherejwe.
21. Igisobanuro cyamavuta no gutandukanya amavuta yimbere ninyuma?
Igisubizo: Amavuta - inyongeramusaruro ishobora kunoza guterana no gufatana hagati yuduce twa plastike no hagati yo gushonga hamwe nicyuma cyibikoresho byo gutunganya, kongera umuvuduko wa resin, kugera kumwanya wo guhinduranya ibintu bya resin, no gukomeza umusaruro uhoraho, byitwa amavuta.
Amavuta yo hanze arashobora kongera amavuta yubuso bwa plastike mugihe cyo gutunganya, kugabanya imbaraga zifatika hagati ya plastike nicyuma, kandi bikagabanya imbaraga zogukoresha imashini, bityo bikagera kuntego yo gutunganywa byoroshye bitarinze kwangiza imitungo ya plastiki.Amavuta yo munda arashobora kugabanya umuvuduko wimbere wa polymers, kongera umuvuduko wo gushonga no guhindagurika kwa plastiki, kugabanya ubukonje bwashonga, no kunoza imikorere ya plastike.
Itandukaniro riri hagati yimbere yimbere ninyuma: Amavuta yimbere asaba guhuza neza na polymers, kugabanya ubushyamirane hagati yiminyururu ya molekile, no kunoza imikorere;Amavuta yo hanze arasaba urwego runaka rwo guhuza na polymers kugirango agabanye ubushyamirane hagati ya polymers nubuso bwimashini.
22. Nibihe bintu bigena ubunini bwingaruka zingirakamaro zuzuza?
Igisubizo: Ubunini bwingaruka zishimangira biterwa nuburyo nyamukuru bwa plastiki ubwayo, ingano yuduce twuzuza, ubuso bwihariye nubunini, ibikorwa byubuso, ingano nuduce, imiterere yicyiciro, hamwe no kwegeranya no gukwirakwiza ibice muri polymers.Ikintu cyingenzi cyane ni imikoranire hagati yuzuza nu gice cyimbere cyakozwe nuruhererekane rwa polymer polymer, rurimo imbaraga zumubiri cyangwa imiti zikoreshwa nubuso bwibice ku munyururu wa polymer, kimwe no gutondeka no kwerekera iminyururu ya polymer. in Imigaragarire.
23. Ni ibihe bintu bigira ingaruka ku mbaraga za plastiki zishimangiwe?
Igisubizo: strength Imbaraga zumukozi ushimangira zatoranijwe kugirango zuzuze ibisabwa;Strength Imbaraga za polymers shingiro zishobora kuboneka binyuze muguhitamo no guhindura polymers;Guhuza ubuso hagati ya plasitike na polymers shingiro;Materials Ibikoresho byo gutunganya ibikoresho bishimangira.
24. Ni ubuhe buryo bwo guhuza ibintu, imiterere yimiterere ya molekile, nurugero rwo kwerekana uburyo bwibikorwa.
Igisubizo: Ibikoresho byo guhuza bivuga ubwoko bwibintu bishobora kunoza imiterere yimbere hagati yuzuza nibikoresho bya polymer.
Hariho ubwoko bubiri bwamatsinda yimikorere muburyo bwa molekuline: umuntu arashobora guhura na chimique hamwe na polymer matrix cyangwa byibuze bikagira ubwuzuzanye bwiza;Ubundi bwoko bushobora gukora imiti ihuza imiti idahwitse.Kurugero, umukozi wa silane uhuza, formula rusange irashobora kwandikwa nka RSiX3, aho R ni itsinda rikora rikorana isano na reaction ya molekile ya polymer, nka vinyl chloropropyl, epoxy, methacryl, amino, na thiol.X ni itsinda rya alkoxy rishobora kuba hydrolyzed, nka mikorerexy, ethoxy, nibindi.
25. Umukozi ubira ifuro ni iki?
Igisubizo: Ibikoresho byo kubira ni ubwoko bwibintu bishobora gukora imiterere ya microporome ya reberi cyangwa plastike muburyo bwamazi cyangwa plastike muburyo runaka bwijimye.
Umubiri wo kubira umubiri: ubwoko bwimvange bugera ku ntego zo kubira ifatizo zishingiye kumihindagurikire yimiterere yumubiri mugihe cyo kubira ifuro;
Imiti ifata imiti: Ku bushyuhe runaka, izangirika cyane kugirango itange imyuka imwe cyangwa myinshi, itera polymer ifuro.
26. Ni ibihe bintu biranga chimie organic organique na chimie organic mu kubora kwinshi?
Igisubizo: Ibyiza nibibi byingirakamaro kama: disp gutandukana neza muri polymers;Temperature Ubushyuhe bwo kubora buringaniye kandi bworoshye kugenzura;Gas Gazi ya N2 yabyaye ntabwo yaka, iturika, yoroha byoroshye, ifite umuvuduko muke, kandi ntabwo byoroshye guhunga ifuro, bikavamo igipimo kinini;Uduce duto duto duto duto duto duto;⑤ Hariho ubwoko bwinshi;⑥ Nyuma yo kubira ifuro, hari ibisigara byinshi, rimwe na rimwe bikagera kuri 70% -85%.Ibyo bisigazwa birashobora rimwe na rimwe gutera impumuro, kwanduza ibikoresho bya polymer, cyangwa kubyara ubukonje bukabije;⑦ Mugihe cyo kubora, mubisanzwe ni reaction idasanzwe.Niba ubushyuhe bwangirika bwumuti ukoreshwa ari mwinshi cyane, birashobora gutera ubushyuhe bunini imbere no hanze ya sisitemu yo kubira ifuro mugihe cyo kubira ifuro, rimwe na rimwe bikavamo ubushyuhe bwinshi bwimbere kandi bikangiza imiterere yumubiri nubumara bya polymer Organic ifuro. ni ibikoresho byaka cyane, kandi hagomba kwitonderwa gukumira umuriro mugihe cyo kubika no gukoresha.
27. Igishushanyo mbonera cyamabara ni iki?
Igisubizo: Ni igiteranyo cyakozwe mugupakira kimwe super super pigment cyangwa amarangi mubisumizi;Ibice by'ibanze: pigment cyangwa amarangi, abatwara, abatatanye, inyongeramusaruro;Imikorere: ene Ibyingenzi mukubungabunga imiti ihamye hamwe nibara ryibara ryibara;Kunoza ikwirakwizwa rya pigment muri plastiki;Kurinda ubuzima bwabakozi;Process Inzira yoroshye no guhindura amabara byoroshye;⑤ Ibidukikije bifite isuku kandi ntibihumanya ibikoresho;⑥ Bika umwanya nibikoresho fatizo.
28. Imbaraga zo kurangi zisobanura iki?
Igisubizo: Nubushobozi bwamabara agira ingaruka kumabara yimvange yose hamwe nibara ryabo;Iyo amabara akoreshwa mubicuruzwa bya pulasitike, imbaraga zabo zo gutwikira bivuga ubushobozi bwabo bwo kubuza urumuri kwinjira mubicuruzwa.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Apr-11-2024