Mu 1958, Goodrich Chemical Company (ubu yitwa Lubrizol) yandikisha ikirango cya TPU Estane ku nshuro ya mbere. Mu myaka 40 ishize, habayeho amazina arenga 20 ku isi, kandi buri kirango gifite urukurikirane rw'ibicuruzwa byinshi. Kuri ubu, abakora ibikoresho fatizo bya TPU barimo cyane cyane BASF, Covestro, Lubrizol, Huntsman Corporation, Wanhua Chemical Group, Shanghai Heng'an, Ruihua, Xuchuan Chemical, n'ibindi.
1, Icyiciro cya TPU
Dukurikije imiterere y'ibice byoroshye, bishobora kugabanywamo ubwoko bwa polyester, ubwoko bwa polyether, n'ubwoko bwa butadiene, birimo itsinda rya ester, itsinda rya ether, cyangwa itsinda rya butene.
Dukurikije imiterere y'igice gikomeye, gishobora kugabanywamo ubwoko bwa urethane n'ubwoko bwa urethane, ibyo bikaba biva mu byuma bya ethylene glycol cyangwa diamine chain extenders. Ubwoko busanzwe bugabanywamo ubwoko bwa polyester n'ubwoko bwa polyether.
Dukurikije uko ibintu bihurira cyangwa bitabaho, bishobora kugabanywamo ibice bibiri: thermoplastic nziza na semithermoplastic.
Iya mbere ifite imiterere isobanutse neza kandi nta migozi ihuza; Iya nyuma irimo ingano nto y'imigozi ihuza nka aside ester ya Allophanic.
Dukurikije ikoreshwa ry'ibikoresho byarangiye, bishobora kugabanywamo ibice bifite imiterere itandukanye (ibice bitandukanye by'imashini), imiyoboro (imitako, imiterere y'imirongo), filime (impapuro, amasahani yoroheje), kole, irangi, insinga, nibindi.
2, Gukora TPU
TPU ni iya polyurethane mu bijyanye n'imiterere ya molekile. None se, yateranye ite?
Dukurikije inzira zitandukanye zo gukora, igabanyijemo ibice bibiri: polimeri ya bulk na polimeri ya solution.
Muri polymerization y’ubwinshi, ishobora kandi kugabanywamo uburyo bwa pre polymerization n’uburyo bwa one-step hashingiwe ku kuba hari cyangwa hatabayeho pre reaction:
Uburyo bwo gutegura polymerization burimo gukora diisocyanate hamwe na diol za macromolecular mu gihe runaka mbere yo kongeramo umuyoboro kugira ngo utange TPU;
Uburyo bw'intambwe imwe burimo kuvanga no gukorana icyarimwe na diol za macromolecular, diisocyanates, na chain extenders kugira ngo bikore TPU.
Gutunganya polymerization y'umuti bikubiyemo kubanza gushonga diisocyanate mu kintu gishongesha, hanyuma hagashyirwaho diol za macromolecular kugira ngo zikoreho mu gihe runaka, hanyuma hagashyirwaho utwuma twongera umunyururu kugira ngo tubone TPU.
Ubwoko bw'igice cyoroshye cya TPU, uburemere bwa molekile, ingano ikomeye cyangwa yoroheje y'igice, hamwe n'imiterere y'ikusanyirizo rya TPU bishobora kugira ingaruka ku bucucike bwa TPU, hamwe n'ubucucike buri hagati ya 1.10-1.25, kandi nta tandukaniro rigaragara ugereranyije n'izindi rubber na plastike.
Muri ubwo bukonje bumwe, ubucucike bwa polyether TPU yo mu bwoko bwa polyester buri hasi ugereranyije n'ubwa polyester TPU yo mu bwoko bwa polyester.
3, Gutunganya TPU
Uduce twa TPU dukenera inzira zitandukanye kugira ngo tugere ku musaruro wa nyuma, ahanini hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo gushonga no gusogongera mu gutunganya TPU.
Gutunganya ibintu bishongesha ni uburyo bukunze gukoreshwa mu nganda za pulasitiki, nko kuvanga, gukurura, gusohora, gukurura no gushushanya;
Gutunganya umuti ni ugutegura umuti ushongesha uduce duto mu kintu cy’umushongi cyangwa ukaduhindura polymer mu kintu cy’umushongi, hanyuma ugasiga irangi, ukazunguruka, n’ibindi.
Igicuruzwa cya nyuma gikozwe muri TPU muri rusange ntigisaba uburyo bwo guhuza vulcanization, ibyo bikaba bishobora kugabanya uruziga rw'umusaruro no kongera gukoresha imyanda.
4, Imikorere ya TPU
TPU ifite modulus nyinshi, imbaraga nyinshi, uburebure bwinshi n'ubukonje, idashira neza, idakoresha amavuta, idakoresha ubushyuhe buke, kandi idasaza.
Ingufu nyinshi zo gukurura, kurekura cyane, no kudahinduka burundu kw'igihe kirekire byose ni inyungu zikomeye za TPU.
XiaoU izasobanura ahanini imiterere ya TPU uhereye ku bintu nk'imbaraga zo gukurura no kurekura, ubushobozi bwo kwihangana, ubukana, n'ibindi.
Ingufu nyinshi zo gukurura no kurekura cyane
TPU ifite imbaraga zo gukurura no kurekura neza. Dukurikije amakuru ari ku ishusho iri hepfo, dushobora kubona ko imbaraga zo gukurura no kurekura kwa TPU yo mu bwoko bwa polyether ari nziza cyane kurusha iya pulasitiki na rabha bya polyvinyl chloride.
Byongeye kandi, TPU ishobora kuzuza ibisabwa n’inganda z’ibiribwa iyo yongewemo ibintu bike cyangwa nta na kimwe mu gihe cyo gutunganya, ibyo bikaba bigoye no ku bindi bikoresho nka PVC na rubber kugeraho.
Ubushobozi bwo kwihanganira ubushyuhe buterwa cyane n'ubushyuhe
Ubushobozi bwo kwihanganira TPU bugaragaza uburyo isubirana vuba uko yari imeze nyuma yo kugabanuka k'umuvuduko w'ihindagurika ry'ikirere, bugaragazwa nk'ingufu zo kugarura, ari na cyo gipimo cy'umurimo wo gukuraho ihindagurika ry'ikirere n'umurimo usabwa kugira ngo habeho ihindagurika ry'ikirere. Ni imikorere y'uburyo buhinduka n'ihindagurika ry'imbere ry'umubiri ugenda neza kandi irushaho kwitwara neza ku bushyuhe.
Ihindagurika ry’ubushyuhe rigabanuka uko ubushyuhe bugabanuka kugeza ubwo ubushyuhe runaka bugeze, kandi ubushyuhe bwongera kwiyongera vuba. Ubu bushyuhe ni ubushyuhe bwa crystallization bw'igice cyoroshye, bugenwa n'imiterere ya macromolecular diol. TPU yo mu bwoko bwa polyether iri hasi ugereranyije na polyester yo mu bwoko bwa TPU. Ku bushyuhe buri munsi y'ubushyuhe bwa crystallization, elastomer iba ikomeye cyane kandi igatakaza ubushyuhe bwayo. Kubwibyo, ubushobozi bwo kwihanganira ibintu busa n'ubushyuhe buva ku buso bw'icyuma gikomeye.
Ingano y'ubukana ni Shore A60-D80
Ubukomere ni ikimenyetso cy'ubushobozi bw'ibikoresho bwo kurwanya imihindagurikire, gupima no gushwanyagurika.
Ubukomere bwa TPU busanzwe bupimwa hakoreshejwe ibikoresho bipima ubukomere bwa Shore A na Shore D, Shore A ikoreshwa kuri TPU zoroshye naho Shore D ikoreshwa kuri TPU zikomeye.
Ubukomere bwa TPU bushobora guhindurwa hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo guhindura ingano y'ibice by'iminyururu yoroshye n'iy'imigozi ikomeye. Kubwibyo, TPU ifite urwego runini rw'ubukomere, kuva kuri Shore A60-D80, rugera ku bukomere bwa rubber na plastike, kandi ifite ubukomere bwinshi mu rwego rwose rw'ubukomere.
Uko ubukana buhinduka, imiterere imwe na imwe ya TPU ishobora guhinduka. Urugero, kongera ubukana bwa TPU bizatera impinduka mu mikorere nko kwiyongera kwa modulus yo gukurura no gucika, kwiyongera k'ubukana n'umuvuduko wo gukanda (umutwaro), kugabanuka k'uburebure, kwiyongera k'ubucucike n'ubushyuhe, ndetse no kwiyongera k'ubudahangarwa ku bidukikije.
5, Imikoreshereze ya TPU
Nk'umuti mwiza cyane wa elastomer, TPU ifite icyerekezo gitandukanye cy'ibicuruzwa kandi ikoreshwa cyane mu bikoresho bya buri munsi, ibikoresho bya siporo, ibikinisho, ibikoresho byo gushushanya, n'ibindi.
Ibikoresho by'inkweto
TPU ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu bikoresho by'inkweto bitewe nuko irushaho gukomera no kudashira. Ibikoresho by'inkweto birimo TPU biroroshye cyane kwambara kurusha ibikoresho bisanzwe by'inkweto, bityo bikoreshwa cyane mu bikoresho by'inkweto bihenze cyane, cyane cyane zimwe mu nkweto za siporo n'inkweto zisanzwe.
umuyoboro
Bitewe n'uko yoroshye, imbaraga nziza zo gukurura, imbaraga zo gukubita, no kurwanya ubushyuhe bwinshi n'ubukonje, imiyoboro ya TPU ikoreshwa cyane mu Bushinwa nk'imiyoboro ya gazi na peteroli ku bikoresho bya mekanike nk'indege, ibigega by'indege, imodoka, moto, n'ibikoresho bya mashini.
insinga
TPU itanga ubushobozi bwo kudacika, kudashira, no kunama, aho ubushyuhe bwinshi n'ubushyuhe buke ari byo bifasha mu mikorere y'insinga. Bityo rero, ku isoko ry'Ubushinwa, insinga zigezweho nka insinga zo kugenzura n'insinga z'amashanyarazi zikoresha TPU kugira ngo zirinde ibikoresho byo gusiga ku nsinga bigoye, kandi ikoreshwa ryazo riri kwiyongera cyane.
Ibikoresho by'ubuvuzi
TPU ni ibikoresho bisimbura PVC bifite umutekano, bihamye kandi byujuje ubuziranenge, bitazaba birimo Phthalate n'ibindi bintu byangiza imiti, kandi bizajya mu maraso cyangwa ibindi bintu biri mu katheteri cyangwa mu gakapu k'ubuvuzi bigatera ingaruka mbi. Ni kandi TPU yihariye yo gusohora no gutera inshinge.
filime
Filimi ya TPU ni firime ntoya ikozwe mu bikoresho bya TPU granular binyuze mu buryo bwihariye nko kuzunguruka, gusuka, gusohora, no gusiga. Bitewe n'imbaraga zayo nyinshi, kudasaza, gukomera no kudahinduka, no kwihanganira ikirere, firime za TPU zikoreshwa cyane mu nganda, ibikoresho by'inkweto, imyenda, imodoka, imiti, ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga, ubuvuzi, n'ibindi.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gashyantare-05-2020