Umweru, urabagirana, woroshye, kandi utunganye, ugereranya ubuziranenge.
Abantu benshi bakunda ibintu by'umweru, kandi ibicuruzwa bikunze gukorwa mu ibara ry'umweru. Ubusanzwe, abantu bagura ibintu by'umweru cyangwa bambara imyenda yera baba maso kugira ngo ibara ry'umweru ridahinduka. Ariko hari amagambo avuga ngo “Muri iki gihe, jya ubyanga burundu.” Uko washyira imbaraga zingana kose kugira ngo ibi bintu bitanduzwa, bizagenda bihinduka umuhondo buhoro buhoro. Mu gihe cy'icyumweru, umwaka, cyangwa imyaka itatu, wambara agasanduku k'amajwi yo mu matwi ugiye ku kazi buri munsi, kandi ishati y'umweru utarambara mu kabati ihinduka umuhondo bucece ubwawe.
Mu by’ukuri, guhinduka umuhondo kw’imyenda, imikandara y’inkweto zikozwe mu buryo bwa elastic, n’udusanduku twa pulasitiki two mu matwi ni ikimenyetso cyo gusaza kwa polymer, bizwi nka umuhondo. Guhinduka umuhondo bivuga ikintu cyo kwangirika, guhindurwa, cyangwa guhuza ibintu mu buryo bwa polymer mu gihe cyo gukoreshwa, bigaterwa n’ubushyuhe, imirasire y’urumuri, ogisijeni, n’ibindi bintu, bigatuma habaho amatsinda amwe y’amabara akora.
Ayo matsinda y'amabara akenshi ni imigozi ibiri ya karuboni karuboni (C=C), amatsinda ya karuboni karuboni (C=O), amatsinda ya imine (C=N), n'ibindi. Iyo umubare w'imigozi ibiri ya karuboni karuboni igera kuri 7-8, akenshi isa n'umuhondo. Ubusanzwe, iyo ubonye ko ibicuruzwa bya polymer bitangiye guhinduka umuhondo, igipimo cy'umuhondo kirushaho kwiyongera. Ibi biterwa nuko kwangirika kwa polymer ari uruhererekane rw'imigozi, kandi iyo inzira yo kwangirika itangiye, kwangirika kw'imigozi ya molekile biba nk'idomino, aho buri gice kigwa kimwe kimwe.
Hari uburyo bwinshi bwo kugumisha ibintu byera. Kongeramo dioxyde ya titanium na fluorescent whitening agents bishobora kongera umusaruro w’ibintu byera, ariko ntibishobora kubuza ibintu guhinduka umuhondo. Kugira ngo bigabanye umuhondo wa polymers, hashobora kongerwamo ibintu bigabanya umuhondo, ibintu bigabanya urumuri, ibintu bigabanya urumuri, ibintu bizimya umuriro, nibindi. Ubwo bwoko bw’inyongera bushobora gukurura ingufu zitwarwa n’urumuri rwa ultraviolet mu zuba, bigasubiza polymer mu buryo buhamye. Kandi oxydants zirwanya ubushyuhe zishobora gufata radicals zikomoka kuri oxidation, cyangwa zikabuza kwangirika kwa polymers kugira ngo zihagarike uburyo uruhererekane rw’iyangirika rya polymers. Ibikoresho bigira ubuzima buhoraho, kandi inyongera nazo zigira ubuzima buhoraho. Nubwo inyongera zishobora kugabanya umuvuduko w’ihindagurika rya polymers, ubwazo zizagenda zinanirwa buhoro buhoro mu gihe cyo kubikoresha.
Uretse kongeramo inyongeramusaruro, birashoboka kandi gukumira ko polymer ihinduka umuhondo ku bindi bintu. Urugero, kugira ngo ugabanye ikoreshwa ry'ibikoresho mu bushyuhe bwinshi n'ahantu hashyushye ho hanze, ni ngombwa gushyiramo irangi rifata urumuri ku bikoresho mu gihe ukoresha hanze. Umuhondo ntugira ingaruka gusa ku isura, ahubwo unagaragaza ko ibikoresho byangiritse cyangwa byarangiritse! Iyo ibikoresho by'ubwubatsi bihindutse umuhondo, ibindi bisimbura bigomba gusimburwa vuba bishoboka.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza-20-2023