Umweru, urumuri, rworoshye, kandi rwera, rugereranya ubuziranenge.
Abantu benshi bakunda ibintu byera, kandi ibicuruzwa byabaguzi akenshi bikozwe mweru.Mubisanzwe, abantu bagura ibintu byera cyangwa bambaye imyenda yera bazitonda kugirango bareke umweru ubone ikizinga.Ariko hariho amagambo agira ati: “Muri iyi si isanzwe, wange ubuziraherezo.”Nubwo washyiramo ingufu gute kugirango ibyo bintu bitanduzwa, bizahinduka umuhondo wenyine.Mugihe cyicyumweru, umwaka, cyangwa imyaka itatu, wambara ikariso ya terefone kugirango ukore burimunsi, kandi ishati yumweru utigeze wambara muri wardrobe ucecetse uhinduka umuhondo wenyine.
Mubyukuri, umuhondo wimyenda yimyenda, inkweto za elastike, hamwe nagasanduku ka terefone ya plastike nikigaragaza gusaza kwa polymer, bizwi nkumuhondo.Umuhondo bivuga ibintu byo gutesha agaciro, gutondekanya, cyangwa guhuza muri molekile y'ibicuruzwa bya polymer mugihe cyo kuyikoresha, biterwa n'ubushyuhe, imirasire yumucyo, okiside, nibindi bintu, bigatuma habaho amatsinda amwe akora amabara.
Aya matsinda yamabara mubisanzwe ni karubone karuboni ebyiri (C = C), amatsinda ya karubone (C = O), imine amatsinda (C = N), nibindi.Iyo umubare wa karuboni ya karubone ya karuboni inshuro ebyiri ugera kuri 7-8, akenshi bigaragara ko ari umuhondo.Mubisanzwe, iyo ubonye ko ibicuruzwa bya polymer bitangiye guhinduka umuhondo, igipimo cyumuhondo gikunda kwiyongera.Ni ukubera ko kwangirika kwa polymers ari urunigi, kandi iyo inzira yo gutesha agaciro itangiye, gusenyuka kw'iminyururu ya molekile ni nka domino, buri gice kigwa umwe umwe.
Hariho inzira nyinshi zo kugumana ibikoresho byera.Ongeramo dioxyde ya titanium na fluorescent byera birashobora kongera imbaraga zo kwera kwibintu, ariko ntibishobora kubuza ibintu kumuhondo.Kugirango ugabanye umuhondo wa polymers, stabilisateur yumucyo, imashini yumucyo, ibintu bizimya, nibindi birashobora kongerwamo.Ubu bwoko bwinyongera burashobora gukuramo ingufu zitwarwa numucyo ultraviolet kumurasire yizuba, bikagarura polymer kumiterere ihamye.Kandi anti-okiside irwanya ubushyuhe irashobora gufata radicals yubusa iterwa na okiside, cyangwa ikabuza kwangirika kwiminyururu ya polymer kugirango ihagarike urunigi rwimikorere ya polymer.Ibikoresho bifite igihe cyo kubaho, kandi ibyongeweho nabyo bifite igihe cyo kubaho.Nubwo inyongeramusaruro zishobora kugabanya umuvuduko wa polymer yumuhondo, bo ubwabo bazananirwa buhoro buhoro mugihe cyo gukoresha.
Usibye kongeramo inyongeramusaruro, birashoboka kandi gukumira polymer umuhondo mubindi bice.Kurugero, kugirango ugabanye gukoresha ibikoresho mubushyuhe bwo hejuru hamwe n’ibidukikije byo hanze, birakenewe ko ushyiraho urumuri rwinjiza ibikoresho mugihe ubikoresha hanze.Umuhondo ntabwo bigira ingaruka gusa kubigaragara, ahubwo binakora nkikimenyetso cyibikoresho byubukorikori cyangwa gutsindwa!Iyo ibikoresho byo kubaka bigenda byumuhondo, abasimbuye bashya bagomba gusimburwa vuba bishoboka.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza-20-2023