polyurethane ya thermoplastic

Polyurethane ya Thermoplastic (TPU) ni elastomer ya thermoplastic ifite imikorere myiza cyane ifite imiterere ibiri yihariye yo gukomera kwa rubber no gutunganya pulasitiki. Yatangiye gukorwa bwa mbere mu 1937, TPU yabaye imwe mu bikoresho bya polymeri bikura vuba kandi bifite imikorere myinshi mu nganda zigezweho. Bitandukanye na polyurethane isanzwe ya thermoset idashobora kongera guhindurwa nyuma yo gushya, TPU ifite plasticity ihindagurika mu bushyuhe: yoroshya kandi igahinduka ihindagurika iyo ishyushye, kandi igakomera ikaba imiterere ikomeye iyo ikonje, bigatuma itunganywa kandi igasubiramo ibikoresho bidatakaza imiterere y'imiterere n'imikorere ya mekanike. Mu rwego rwa shimi, TPU ni copolymer y'igice cyakozwe binyuze mu buryo bwa polyaddition bwa diisocyanates, polyols z'iminyururu miremire (polyether cyangwa polyester), na extenders z'umunyururu muto. Imiterere yayo ya molekile igizwe n'ibice bikomeye bisimburana n'ibice byoroshye, biha TPU ibyiza byuzuye kandi bishobora guhinduka biyitandukanya n'izindi elastomer.

Imikorere yihariye ya TPU ikomoka ku miterere yayo yo gutandukanya ibice bito bito igizwe n'ibice bikomeye n'ibyoroshye. Ibice bikomeye, bigizwe n'amatsinda ya urethane, bikora ingingo zihuza imiterere binyuze mu guhuza hagati ya hydrogen, biha TPU imbaraga nyinshi zo gukurura, gukomera, kudashira no kudashyuha. Ibice byoroshye, ahanini bikozwe muri polyether cyangwa polyester ndende, biha ibikoresho ubushobozi bwo koroha, gukomera, kudashyuha no gukomera. Igipimo cy'ibice bikomeye n'ibyoroshye gishobora guhindurwa mu buryo bworoshye mu gihe cyo gukora, bigatuma abakora TPU bahinduranya ubukana bwayo, gukomera no gukomera kwayo kugira ngo bihuze n'ibikenewe mu nganda zitandukanye. Hashingiwe ku bwoko bw'ibice byoroshye, TPU y'ubucuruzi igabanyijemo ibice bya polyester TPU, polyether TPU na TPU ivanze, buri kimwe gifite uburyo bwo gukoreshwa bugamije.

Ubushyuhe n'Imiterere myiza ya Mekanike: TPU ifite ubushobozi bwo gukomera, imbaraga zikomeye zo gukurura no gucika, ndetse no kudacika intege cyane. Ishobora kwihanganira gupfunyika no kunanura kenshi nta guhindagurika guhoraho, iruta cyane ibikoresho bisanzwe bya kabutike na pulasitiki. – Ubudahangarwa bwo kwangirika no gushishwa: Ifite bumwe mu buryo bwiza bwo kudashira hagati ya elastomer zisanzwe, TPU ikoreshwa cyane mu bice bidashira bisaba serivisi y'igihe kirekire. – Ubudahangarwa bwiza bwa Chemical: Igaragaza ubushobozi bukomeye bwo kurwanya amavuta, amazi, aside igabanya, alkali igabanya n'ibintu byinshi bya organic, ikomeza gukora neza mu bidukikije bigoye. – Ubudahangarwa bwiza bwo guhangana n'ibidukikije: Polyether TPU ifite ubushobozi bwiza bwo kurwanya hydrolysis no gukomera mu bushyuhe buke, mu gihe polyester TPU ifite ubushobozi bwiza bwo kurwanya amavuta no kudacika intege mu mashini. Ibikoresho byose bya TPU bifite ubushobozi bwiza bwo kurwanya ikirere, birwanya gusaza guterwa n'imirasire ya ultraviolet n'impinduka z'ubushyuhe. – Uburyo bwiza bwo gutunganya no kongera gukoresha: Ishyigikira ikoranabuhanga risanzwe ryo gutunganya thermoplastic harimo gushisha, gusohora, gutwika no gutwika. Ibikoresho bya TPU bishobora gushongeshwa no kongera gukoreshwa, bigakurikiza ibitekerezo by'icyatsi kibisi kandi birambye.

Polyester TPU: Irangwa n'imbaraga nyinshi za mekanike, ubushobozi bwo guhangana n'amavuta, ubushobozi bwo kwangirika no kudasaza. Ikoreshwa cyane mu bikoresho by'inganda, ibikoresho by'inkweto, ibice bifunga n'ibikoresho bikomeye byo gufunga. – Polyether TPU: Ifite ubushobozi bwo guhangana n'amazi meza, ubushobozi bwo koroshya ubushyuhe, ubushobozi bwo kurwanya bagiteri n'ibihumyo, kandi ifite ubucucike buke. Ni nziza cyane ku bikoresho bikikije amazi, ibikoresho by'ubuvuzi, imiyoboro yoroshye n'ibindi bikoresho byo hanze. – TPU yihariye: Harimo TPU irinda umuriro, TPU itwara umuriro, TPU irinda ubushyuhe bwinshi na TPU ishingiye ku binyabuzima. Mu myaka ya vuba aha, TPU ishingiye ku binyabuzima ikozwe mu bikoresho fatizo bishobora kongera gukoreshwa yateye imbere vuba, iba ubundi buryo burambye bwo gusimbura TPU ishingiye ku bisigazwa by'ibinyabuzima.

Kubera imikorere yayo ihinduka kandi ikaba ifite akamaro kanini, TPU yageze mu nganda zitandukanye. Mu nganda zikora ibikoresho bikoreshwa n'abantu, ikoreshwa mu nganda zikora inkweto za siporo, mu dusanduku two kurinda, mu mikandara irabagirana no mu bikoresho bya siporo. Mu nganda zikora, ikora nk'imikandara irinda kwangirika, imiyoboro ya hydraulic, gaskets zo gufunga n'ibice bikoresha ikoranabuhanga. Mu nganda zikora imodoka, TPU ikoreshwa ku bice by'imbere by'imodoka, mu bice bidashobora amazi cyangwa bikinga impanuka, no mu bikingira inyuma. Byongeye kandi, ikoreshwa cyane mu bikoresho by'ubuvuzi, ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga, ibikoresho by'indege n'inganda nshya zitanga ingufu.

Bitewe n’iterambere rya politiki yo kurengera ibidukikije no kuvugurura inganda, inganda za TPU zirimo kwerekeza ku musaruro mwiza, imikorere myiza no kurambye. Ubushakashatsi n’ikoreshwa rya TPU ishingiye ku binyabuzima, TPU ishobora kwangirika n’ikoranabuhanga rikoresha karubone nke byabaye icyerekezo gikuru. Hagati aho, TPU yavuguruwe ifite ubushobozi bwo kudacana umuriro cyane, idashobora gushyuha cyane kandi idashobora gushyuha cyane ikomeje guterwa imbere kugira ngo ihuze n’ibikenewe cyane mu nganda zikora ibikoresho bigezweho nk’imodoka nshya zikoresha ingufu n’indege.